2. Evaluation Method of Air Conditioning Equipment
This chapter shows the logic for calculating the primary energy consumption of air conditioning equipment.
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Scope of Application
The air conditioning equipment to be included in the calculations is as follows.
-
Air conditioning equipment with the following three functions
-
Air purification (functions to comply with the standards for dust amount, CO concentration, CO2 concentration, etc. as specified in Article 129-2-6 of the Enforcement Order of the Building Standards Act)
-
Temperature and humidity control (functions to comply with the reference ranges)
-
Airflow rate adjustment
-
-
Fan for air conditioning
-
Fans and total heat exchangers installed in the rooms to be air-conditioned, for bringing fresh outside air
-
Fans for exhausting air corresponding to the outside air supplied to the air-conditioned room
-
-
Individually distributed air conditioners such as variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system and room air conditioners
-
Dedicated heating equipment and dedicated cooling equipment
-
Various types of fans that work in conjunction with air conditioners (fans for introducing outside air installed in the middle of ducts, fans for exhausting excess air from occupied rooms, etc.), circulating fans (air curtains, ceiling fans, etc.), fans for airflow windows and push-pull windows, etc.
The following air conditioning equipment is not included in the calculation as air conditioning equipment.
-
Air conditioning systems installed for cooling spaces that are typically ventilated, such as electrical rooms and elevator machine rooms. These are considered as mechanical ventilation equipment.
-
Air conditioning equipment installed in the kitchen. The energy consumption of the fan power for air supply and exhaust is calculated as mechanical ventilation equipment.
Here, this calculation method determines the room heat load (total heat load) required to maintain the set temperature and humidity. While it estimates the humidification (or dehumidification) load itself, the calculation assumes that the total heat, including the load for humidification and dehumidification, is processed by the heat source device. Therefore, it does not provide a rigorous evaluation. To accurately assess the performance of a humidification system, it is necessary to separate sensible heat and latent heat and perform more precise calculations. However, this remains a topic for future consideration.
2.1.2 Definition of Terms
2.1.2.1 Air Conditioning Equipment
Equipment used to simultaneously process air temperature, humidity, cleanliness, and airflow distribution to meet the requirements of the target space.
2.1.2.2 Air Handling Unit Group
It is a collection of air handling units and indoor units of packaged air conditioners and the other related devices. As shown in Figure 2.1.2.1, it is defined as a series of systems for supplying cooled or heated air or fresh outside air to the target air conditioning zone. The following equipment are defined as a same group; Total heat exchangers that work in conjunction with air handling units and indoor units, Various types of fans (such as fans installed in the middle of ducts for introducing outside air and fans for exhausting excess air from occupied rooms), Circulating fans (air curtains, ceiling fans, etc.), Fans for airflow windows and push-pull windows, etc.

2.1.2.3 Secondary Pump Group
It is a collection of secondary pumps that supply chilled or hot water to a same air handling unit group. As shown in Figure 2.1.2.2, if a pump system is divided into multiple branches, each system is defined as one pump group. For air conditioning systems with individually distributed systems (packaged air conditioners) or central heat source systems with only primary pumps, there may be no secondary pump group.

2.1.2.4 Heat Source Group
It is a collection of heat source equipments that generate chilled or hot water. As shown in Figure 2.1.2.3, for a central heat source system, it is defined as multiple heat source system equipment (heat source unit, primary pump, cooling tower, cooling water pump, thermal storage pump, etc.) that work together, and for an individually distributed air conditioning system, it is defined as outdoor units of a packaged air conditioner.

2.1.2.5 Load Factor Range
In this calculation method, the number of hours each device runs (hereinafter referred to as the "number of hours of load factor occurrences") at what load factor (the amount of heat processed by each device divided by the rated capacity of each device) is calculated. And then based on this value, the energy consumption is calculated. In this calculation method, the load factor is classified into 11 ranges consisting of 10 ranges of 0 to 0.1, 0.1 to 0.2, ..., 0.9 to 1.0 in increments of 0.1, and another range of load factors: of 1 or more. This division of load factors is called a load factors range and the load factor range of this calculation method is totalized for 11 ranges.
2.1.2.6 Outside Air Temperature Range
In the calculation of energy consumption for a heat source group, "number of hours of load factor occurrences" should be totalized after classified not only by load factor range but also by outside air temperature. The range of outside air temperature used to totalize load factors is called the outside air temperature range.
2.1.2.7 Automatic Ventilation Switching Function for Total Heat Exchanger
It means the control function to automatically take in outside air directly into the room in a system using total heat exchangers, when it is determined that the air conditioning load can be reduced by taking in outside air directly without the total heat exchange based on the relationship between outside air temperature and inside air temperature, outside air temperature and humidity and inside air temperature and humidity, outside air enthalpy and inside air enthalpy, etc. For example, when controlling with enthalpy, if the enthalpy of outside air is lower than that of inside air during cooling or higher during heating, outside air is directly introduced into the room without performing total heat exchange. There are several types of control methods, but in this calculation method, energy consumption is calculated assuming that it is controlled based on the enthalpies of outside air and inside air.
2.1.2.8 Outside Air Cooling Control
It means the control function to automatically introduce more outside air than the required fresh outside air volume during cooling operation when the outside air enthalpy is lower than the inside air enthalpy, thereby reducing the amount of processing cooled air through the coils. In general, whether or not to introduce outside air is often determined by considering also conditions other than enthalpy, such as the outside air temperature being below the room temperature, the outside air temperature being above the set minimum temperature, and the outside air humidity being below the set humidity. However, for simplicity, this calculation method calculates energy consumption by assuming that only enthalpy is used for control. The maximum value of outside air volume is assumed to be the rated airflow rate of the supply air fan.
2.1.2.9 Control to Stop Outside Air Introduction During Precooling or Preheating
It means the control function to automatically stop the introduction of outside air when there is no person in a room at the startup phase of air conditioning to reduce the outside air load (also called "Warm-up Control").
2.1.2.10 Control over the Number of Devices
For example, for secondary pumps, this refers to a control in which there are two or more pumps in the secondary pump group and the number of pumps in operation is automatically changed according to the load.
2.1.2.11 Rotational Speed Control
For example, in the case of a secondary pump, this refers to a control system in which the pump rotation speed is automatically changed by an inverter or other devices.
2.1.3 Calculation Flow
Figure 2.1.3.1 shows the calculation flow of energy consumption for air conditioning equipment. The calculation can be divided into two parts: a) room load calculation part, and b) energy consumption calculation part. The energy consumption of the air handling unit group, secondary pump group, and heat source group is calculated as a function of the loads handled by these units (assumed to be the air conditioning load, secondary pump load, and heat source load, respectively), and these loads can be obtained from the room load of each room. Figure 2.1.3.2 shows the process of calculating the load of each equipment from the room load. First, calculate the room load for each room. Next, calculate the total room load for each air handling unit group for each target room. And then calculate the air conditioning load for each air handling unit group by adding the outside air load to above room load. Similarly for the secondary pump group, calculate the total air conditioning load of the air handling unit group for which the relevant secondary pump group conveys chilled/hot water. And then, calculate the secondary pump load by adding the heat generation of the air conditioner fan to above air conditioning load. For a heat source group, calculate the total secondary pump load of the secondary pump group for which the relevant heat source group supplies heat. And then, calculate the heat source load by adding the heat generation of the secondary pump to above secondary pump load.
Although the heat generation by primary pumps should be included in the heat source load, the heat generation by primary pumps is not included in this calculation because it would require repetitive calculations, which would complicate the logic.


2.2 Weather Conditions
2.2.1 Weather Data
For weather data, use the Expanded AMeDAS Weather Data, reference year 1995 edition (based on 1980-1995 data). This weather data can be purchased from the website of Meteorological Data System Co., Ltd. ( here ).
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(ClimateZone\) |
Climate zone of the location of the building subject to evaluation |
- |
Form 0: (5) Regional Categories in Buildling Energy Codes |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(\theta_{oa,d,t}\) |
Outside air temperature at date \(d\), time \(t\) |
℃ |
2.2.3, 2.2.4 |
\(X_{oa,d,t}\) |
Absolute humidity at date \(d\), time \(t\) |
kg/kgDA |
2.2.4 |
\(S_{dsr,d,t}\) |
Direct Normal Irradiance at date \(d\), time \(t\) |
W/m2 |
2.4.1 |
\(S_{isr,d,t}\) |
Horizontal sky solar radiation at date \(d\), time \(t\) |
W/m2 |
2.4.1 |
\(S_{nsr,d,t}\) |
Horizontal Long-wavelength Radiation at date \(d\), time \(t\) |
W/m2 |
2.4.1 |
\(lati\) |
Latitude |
° |
2.4.1 |
\(longi\) |
Longitude |
° |
2.4.1 |
The Buildling Energy Codes define climate zones (region 1-8), and specify the category of each city, ward, town, and village.
For each climate zone, the weather data to be used are specified in the table below. For example, for the region 1, the weather data file for "Hokkaido/Kitami" is used. The calculation method uses the outside air temperature, absolute humidity, direct normal irradiance, horizontal sky solar radiation, and horizontal long-wavelength radiation at date \(d\) and time \(t\) from the weather data file for the relevant representative location.
In addition, the values specified in the table below should be used for latitude \(lati\) and longitude \(longi\).
Climate zone | Weather data (representative location) | Cooling Degree Days (24-24) | Heating Degree Days (18-18) | Latitude | Longitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Region 1 |
Kitami, Hokkaido |
12 |
4613 |
43.82 |
143.91 |
Region 2 |
Iwamizawa, Hokkaido |
2 |
4054 |
43.21 |
141.788 |
Region 3 |
Morioka, Iwate |
25 |
3234 |
39.695 |
141.168 |
Region 4 |
Nagano, Nagano |
77 |
2887 |
36.66 |
138.195 |
Region 5 |
Utsunomiya, Tochigi |
92 |
2325 |
36.547 |
139.872 |
Region 6 |
Okayama, Okayama |
240 |
1822 |
34.658 |
133.918 |
Region 7 |
Miyazaki, Miyazaki |
256 |
1255 |
31.935 |
131.417 |
Region 8 |
Naha, Okinawa |
515 |
125 |
26.203 |
127.688 |
2.2.2 Cooling/Heating Season
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(ClimateZone\) |
Climate zone of the location of the building subject to evaluation |
- |
Form 0: (5) Regional Categories in Buildling Energy Codes |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(Season_{d}\) |
Cooling/heating season (cooling, intermediate, or heating seasons) on date \(d\) |
- |
2.2.3, 2.3.1, 2.3.2, 2.4.2.7, 2.5.3, 2.5.5, 2.5.6, 2.7.16, A.3 |
The cooling and heating seasons (cooling, intermediate, and heating seasons) on date \(d\), \(Season_{d}\) are specified as shown in the table below for each climate zone.
Climate zone | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Region 1 |
H |
H |
H |
H |
I |
I |
C |
C |
C |
I |
H |
H |
Region 2 |
H |
H |
H |
H |
I |
I |
C |
C |
C |
I |
H |
H |
Region 3 |
H |
H |
H |
I |
I |
C |
C |
C |
C |
I |
I |
H |
Region 4 |
H |
H |
H |
I |
I |
C |
C |
C |
C |
I |
I |
H |
Region 5 |
H |
H |
H |
I |
I |
C |
C |
C |
C |
I |
I |
H |
Region 6 |
H |
H |
H |
I |
I |
C |
C |
C |
C |
I |
I |
H |
Region 7 |
H |
H |
H |
I |
I |
C |
C |
C |
C |
I |
I |
H |
Region 8 |
H |
H |
H |
I |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
I |
I |
Note that it is assumed that rooms are "cooled" during the intermediate season in all regions.
2.2.3 Average Outside Air Temperature
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(\theta_{AC,oa,d,t}\) |
Outside air temperature at date \(d\), time \(t\) |
℃ |
2.2.1 |
\(Season_{d}\) |
Cooling/heating season (cooling, intermediate, or heating seasons) on date \(d\) |
- |
2.2.2 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(\theta_{AC,oa,d}\) |
Daily average outside air temperature on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.4.2.2, 2.4.2.3, 2.7.4.1, 2.7.4.4 |
\(\theta_{AC,oa,ave}\) |
Annual average outside air temperature |
℃ |
2.4.2.2, 2.7.4.4 |
\(\theta_{AC,oa,c,ave}\) |
Average outside air temperature during cooling |
℃ |
2.7.4.4 |
\(\theta_{AC,oa,h,ave}\) |
Average outside air temperature during heating |
℃ |
2.7.4.4 |
First, calculated the daily average outside air temperature \(\theta_{AC,oa,d}\) on date \(d\) by the following formula.
Also, use the following formula to calculate the average outside air temperature by season.
2.2.4 Outside Air Enthalpy
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(\theta_{AC,oa,d,t}\) |
Outside air temperature at date \(d\), time \(t\) |
℃ |
2.2.1 |
\(X_{AC,oa,d,t}\) |
Absolute humidity at date \(d\), time \(t\) |
kg/kgDA |
2.2.1 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(H_{AC,oa,d,alltime}\) |
Outside air enthalpy at all day on date \(d\) |
kJ/kg |
2.5.3 |
\(H_{AC,oa,d,daytime}\) |
Outside air enthalpy during daytime on date \(d\) |
kJ/kg |
2.5.3 |
\(H_{AC,oa,d,nighttime}\) |
Outside air enthalpy during nighttime on date \(d\) |
kJ/kg |
2.5.3 |
Use the following formula to obtain the outside air enthalpies on date \(d\) \(H_{AC,oa,d,alltime}\), \(H_{AC,oa,d,daytime}\), and \(H_{AC,oa,d,nighttime}\).
\(C_{a}\) is the specific heat at constant pressure of dry air, \(C_{wv}\) is the specific heat at constant pressure of water vapor, and \(L_{w}\) is the latent heat of evaporation of vaporization.
2.3 Standard Room Use Conditions
This section shows the process for determining the operational schedule for each room based on the standard room use conditions. Standard room use conditions are specified in the following four files, and take the applicable schedule according to the building use and the room use of the subject room.
-
List of building use and room use: ROOM_NAME.csv
-
Reference values for heat generation, etc.: ROOM_SPEC.csv
-
Schedule by time: ROOM_COND.csv
-
Calendar pattern: CALENDAR.csv
2.3.1 Temperature Setting for Air-conditioned Rooms
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(Season_{d}\) |
Cooling/heating season (cooling, intermediate, or heating seasons) on date \(d\) |
- |
2.2.2 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(\theta_{AC,room,i,d}\) |
Temperature setting of room i on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.4.2.2, 2.4.2.3 |
The temperature setting of room i on date \(d\) \(\theta_{AC,room,i,d}\) is determined based on the heating and cooling seasons.
2.3.2 Inside Enthalpy of Air-conditioned Rooms
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(Season_{d}\) |
Cooling/heating season (cooling, intermediate, or heating seasons) on date \(d\) |
- |
2.2.2 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(H_{AC,room,d}\) |
Inside air enthalpy during air conditioning on date \(d\) |
kJ/kg |
2.5.3 |
Inside air enthalpy during air conditioning on date \(d\), \(H_{AC,room,d}\), is calculated by the following formula. These values are the enthalpy when the set temperature and humidity are 22°C and 40% for the heating season, 24°C and 50% for the intermediate season, and 26°C and 50% for the cooling season.
2.3.3 Air Conditioner Operating Status
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(BuildingType\) |
Building Use |
- |
Form 2-1: (1) Building Use and Room Use |
\(RoomType_{i}\) |
Room use of room |
- |
Form 2-1: (1) Building Use and Room Use |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(O_{AC,room,i,d,t}\) |
Operating status of the air conditioner in room i at date \(d\), time \(t\) |
Boolean value |
2.5.2 |
\(O_{AC,room,i,d}\) |
Operating status of the air conditioner in room i on date \(d\) |
Boolean value |
2.4.3, 2.4.4, A.3 |
\(OperatingTime_{AC,room,i}\) |
Operating time zone of the air conditioner in room |
- |
2.5.3 |
The operating conditions and the operating time zone of the air conditioners should be determined based on the "Standard Room Use Conditions". Standard room use conditions are defined for each room use, and there are three "basic schedules (room use patterns 1, 2, and 3)" for each room use, and the basic schedule of each day is defined as the "calendar patterns". The start and end times of air conditioning are obtained from these "basic schedules" and "calendar patterns", and the operating status of the air conditioner is determined according to these values.
The calendar pattern is specified in "CALENDAR.csv", the calendar pattern used for each room use is specified in "ROOM_SPEC.csv", and the search key required when using the above files is specified in "ROOM_NAME.csv".
-
Obtain a search key for the database.
Retrieve the search key from ROOM_NAME.csv using the building use \(BuildingType\) and the room use \(RoomType_i\).
Example: If the building use is "Office, etc." and the room use is "Office Room", the search key is "O-1".
-
Obtain the calendar pattern code (A, B, C, D, E, F).
Obtain the calendar pattern code from ROOM_SPEC.csv using the search key.
Example: If the search key is "O-1", the calendar pattern code is "A".
-
Obtain the daily calendar pattern (1, 2, 3).
Obtain the calendar pattern from ROOM_CALENDAR.csv using the date \(d\) and the calendar code.
Example: If date \(d\) is "January 1st" and the calendar code is "A", the calendar pattern \(Ptrn_{clndr,d}\) on date \(d\) is "3".
-
Obtain WSC pattern (WSC1, WSC2).
Obtain the WSC pattern from ROOM_SPEC.csv using the search key.
Example: If the search key is "O-1", the WSC pattern \(Ptrn_{WSC}\) is "WSC1".
-
Obtain the air conditioning start and end times (0 to 24) for the calendar patterns 1 and 2.
Obtain the start and end times of air conditioning from ROOM_SPEC.csv using the search key.
There exist a total of eight air conditioning start and end times depending on the combinations of the calendar pattern (1, 2) and the time zone (1, 2).
Example: If the search key is "O-1",
If the time belongs to the time zone 1 of the calendar pattern 1,
Pattern 1 air conditioning start time 1 \(t_{AC,1,strt,1}\) is "7".
Pattern 1 air conditioning end time 1 \(t_{AC,1,end,1}\) is "21".
If the time belongs to the time zone 2 of the calendar pattern 1,
Pattern 1 air conditioning start time 2 \(t_{AC,1,strt,2}\) is "0 (blank)".
Pattern 1 air conditioning end time 2 \(t_{AC,1,end,2}\) is "0 (blank)".
If the time belongs to the time zone 1 of the calendar pattern 2,
Pattern 2 air conditioning start time 1 \(t_{AC,2,strt,1}\) is "0 (blank)".
Pattern 2 air conditioning end time 1 \(t_{AC,2,end,1}\) is "0".
If the time belongs to the time zone 2 of the calendar pattern 2,
Pattern 2 air conditioning start time 2 \(t_{AC,2,strt,2}\) is "0 (blank)".
Pattern 2 air conditioning end time 2 \(t_{AC,2,end,2}\) is "0 (blank)".
-
Calculate the air conditioning start time and end time for each calendar pattern.
Calculate the start and end times of air conditioning for each calendar pattern from the start and end times of air conditioning for each pattern and the WSC pattern.
For calendar pattern 1,
For calendar pattern 2,
For calendar pattern 3,
-
Calculate the start and end times of air conditioning on date \(d\).
Calculate the air conditioning start and end times on date \(d\), by using the calendar pattern on date \(d\) and the air conditioning start and end times for calendar patterns 1, 2, and 3.
-
Calculate the operating status of the air conditioner in room i at date \(d\), time \(t\)\(O_{AC,room,i,d,t}\).
Calculate the operating status of the air conditioner at date \(d\), time \(t\)by using the air conditioning start and end times on date \(d\).
a) If the air conditioning start time and end time are equal (\(t_{AC,strt,d} = t_{AC,end,d}\)),
b) In other cases,
b-1) If the air conditioning start time \(t_{AC,strt,d}\) is smaller than the air conditioning end time \(t_{AC,end,d}\) (\(t_{AC,strt,d} < t_{AC,end,d}\)),
b-2) In other cases,
-
Calculate the operating status of the air conditioner in room i on date \(d\) \(O_{AC,room,i,d}\).
If \(O_{AC,room,i,d,t}\) is True for at least one hour on date \(d\), then \(O_{AC,room,i,d,d}\) is True, otherwise it is False.
-
Calculate the operating time zone of the air conditioner in room i \(OperatingTime_{AC,room,i}\).
Calculate the operating time zone of the air conditioner using the air conditioning start and end times of calendar pattern 1.
a) If the system operates all day (\(t_{AC,1,strt,1} = 0 \land t_{AC,1,end,1} = 24\)),
b) In other cases,
b-1) If time zone 2 does not exist (\(t_{AC,1,strt,2} = t_{AC,1,end,2}\)),
b-2) In other cases,
2.3.4 Internal Heat Generation
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(RoomType_{i}\) |
Room use of room |
- |
Form 2-1: (1) Building Use and Room Use |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{AC,room,app,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated value of equipment heat generation density in room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.3 |
\(Q_{AC,room,light,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated value of lighting heat generation density in room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.3 |
\(Q_{AC,room,human,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated value of heat generation density of occupants in room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.3 |
First, retrieve the following four values from the database "ROOM_SPEC.csv" based on the room use of room i \(RoomType_{i}\).
-
\(Q_{room,app,ref,i}\): Reference value of equipment heat generation in room i [ W/m2]
-
\(Q_{room,light,ref,i}\): Reference value of lighting heat generation for room i [ W/m2]
-
\(\phi_{room,human,ref,i}\): Reference value of occupants density in room i [ man/m2 ].
-
\(HumanIndex_{i}\): Work intensity index of room i (1-5)
According to the work intensity index \(HumanIndex_{i}\), determine the human body heat generation for room i \(q_{room,human,ref,i}\) from the table below.
Work intensity index \(HumanIndex_{i}\) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Human body heat generation \(q_{room,human,ref,i}\) [W/person] |
92 |
106 |
119 |
131 |
145 |
Next, based on the room use of room i \(RoomType_{i}\) , retrieve the following three values from the database "ROOM_COND.csv". These are time-specific heat generation schedules specified separately for each "Basic Schedule (Room Use Pattern 1, 2, and 3)".
-
\(p_{app,x,t}\) : Equipment heat generation ratio (0 to 1) at time t in room use pattern x
-
\(p_{light,x,t}\) : Lighting heat generation ratio (0 to 1) at time t in room use pattern x
-
\(p_{human,x,t}\) : Number of occupants ratio (0 to 1) at time t in room use pattern x
The basic schedule for each day is defined as a "calendar pattern". Therefore, based on the calendar pattern defined for each room use \(CalendarNum_{i}\) , the heat generation ratio for each time of day is determined.
-
\(p_{room,app,i,d,t}\) : Equipment heat generation ratio (0 to 1) in room i at date \(d\) time t
-
\(p_{room,light,i,d,t}\) : Lighting heat generation ratio (0 to 1) in room i at date \(d\) time t
-
\(p_{room,human,i,d,t}\) : Number of occupants ratio (0 to 1) in room i at date \(d\) time t
The internal heat generation [Wh] of room i at date \(d\), time \(t\) is obtained by the following formula.
Calculate the value [Wh] by integrating these values over a 24-hour period.
2.3.5 Fresh Outside Air Introduction Volume
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(RoomType_{i}\) |
Room use of room |
- |
Form 2-1: (1) Building Use and Room Use |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(V_{AC,room,oa,i}\) |
Fresh outside air volume into room |
m3/m2h |
2.5.3 |
The fresh outside air volume into room i is defined for each room use. Read the value in the "Outside air volume" field of "ROOM_SPEC.csv".
2.4 Calculation of Room Load
The daily integrated room load is calculated by calculating the daily integrated steady-state heat gain per unit floor area based on the envelope configuration of each room and multiplying it by the "factor for converting steady-state heat gain to room load".
The inputs and outputs shown in this entire section are listed in the table below.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(A_{room,i}\) |
Area of room |
m2 |
Form 2-1: (1) Floor Area |
\(D_{env,i,j}\) |
Orientation of the envelope j belonging to room |
- |
Form 2-4: (2) Orientation |
\(γ_{wind,c,i,j}\) |
Sunshade effect coefficient of window, etc. j belonging to room i (cooling) |
- |
Form 2-4: (3) Sunshade Effect Coefficient (Cooling) |
\(γ_{wind,h,i,j}\) |
Sunshade effect coefficient of window, etc. j belonging to room i (heating) |
- |
Form 2-4: (3) Sunshade Effect Coefficient (Heating) |
\(A_{env,i,j}\) |
Area of the envelope j belonging to room |
m2 |
Form 2-4: (5) Envelope Area (including windows) |
\(A_{wind,i,j}\) |
Area of window, etc. j belonging to room |
m2 |
Form 2-4: (7) Openings Window Area |
\(S_{dsr,d,t}\) |
Direct Normal Irradiance at date \(d\), time \(t\) |
W/m2 |
2.2.1 |
\(S_{isr,d,t}\) |
Horizontal sky solar radiation at date \(d\), time \(t\) |
W/m2 |
2.2.1 |
\(S_{nsr,d,t}\) |
Horizontal Long-wavelength Radiation at date \(d\), time \(t\) |
W/m2 |
2.2.1 |
\(Season_{d}\) |
Cooling/heating season (cooling, intermediate, or heating seasons) on date \(d\) |
- |
2.2.2 |
\(\theta_{AC,oa,d}\) |
Daily average outside air temperature on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.2.3 |
\(\theta_{AC,oa,ave}\) |
Annual average outside air temperature |
℃ |
2.2.3 |
\(\theta_{AC,room,i,d}\) |
Temperature setting of room i on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.3.1 |
\(O_{AC,room,i,d}\) |
Operating status of the air conditioner in room i on date \(d\) |
Boolean value |
2.3.3 |
\(Q_{AC,room,light,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated value of lighting heat generation density in room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.3.4 |
\(Q_{AC,room,human,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated value of heat generation density of occupants in room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.3.4 |
\(Q_{AC,room,app,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated value of equipment heat generation density in room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.3.4 |
\(U_{wall,i,j}\) |
Thermal transmittance of exterior walls, etc. j belonging to room |
W/(m2・K) |
A.1 |
\(U_{wind,i,j}\) |
Thermal transmittance of windows, etc. j belonging to room |
W/(m2・K) |
A.2 |
\(\eta_{i,j}\) |
Solar heat gain coefficient of windows, etc. j belonging to room |
- |
A.2 |
\(a_{tc1,d}, a_{tc2,d}\) |
Coefficient for converting steady-state heat gain caused by temperature difference on date \(d\) to room load (cooling) |
- |
A.3 |
\(a_{th1,d}, a_{th2,d}\) |
Coefficient for converting steady-state heat gain caused by temperature difference on date \(d\) to room load (heating) |
- |
A.3 |
\(a_{sc1,d}, a_{sc2,d}\) |
Coefficient for converting steady-state heat gain due to solar radiation on date \(d\) to room load (cooling) |
- |
A.3 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{AC,room,c,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated room load (cooling) for room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.5.1 |
\(Q_{AC,room,h,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated room load (heating) of room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.5.1 |
2.4.1 Incident Solar Radiation to Envelope
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(D_{env,i,j}\) |
Orientation of envelope, etc. j belonging to room |
- |
Form 2-4: (2) Orientation |
\(S_{dsr,d,t}\) |
Direct normal irradiance at date \(d\), time t |
W/m2 |
2.2.1 |
\(S_{isr,d,t}\) |
Horizontal sky solar radiation at date \(d\), time t |
W/m2 |
2.2.1 |
\(S_{nsr,d,t}\) |
Horizontal long-wavelength radiation at date \(d\), time t |
W/m2 |
2.2.1 |
\(lati\) |
Latitude |
rad |
2.2.1 |
\(longi\) |
Longitude |
rad |
2.2.1 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(I_{dsr,j,d}\) |
Integrated direct solar radiation on orientation j on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.2.6, 2.4.2.7 |
\(I'_{dsr,j,d}\) |
Integrated direct solar radiation on orientation j on date \(d\) (with angle-of-incidence characteristic) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.2.6, 2.4.2.7 |
\(I_{isr,j,d}\) |
Integrated sky solar radiation on orientation j on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.2.6, 2.4.2.7 |
\(I_{nsr,j,d}\) |
Integrated long-wavelength radiation to orientation j on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.2.4, 2.4.2.5 |
\(\eta_{max}\) |
Maximum angle-of-incidence characteristic |
- |
2.4.2.7 |
First, the inclination angle \(\theta_{env,slp,j}\) [°] and the azimuth angle \(\theta_{env,drct,j}\) [°] are specified according to the orientation of the envelope, etc. j belonging to room i \(D_{env,i,j}\), as in the following table.
Orientation \(D_{env,i,j}\)] | Inclination angle \(\theta_{env,slp,j}\)] | Azimuth \(\theta_{env,drct,j}\)] |
---|---|---|
South |
90 |
0 |
Southwest |
90 |
45 |
West |
90 |
90 |
Northwest |
90 |
135 |
North |
90 |
180 |
Northeast |
90 |
225 |
East |
90 |
270 |
Southeast |
90 |
315 |
Horizontal |
0 |
0 |
The integrated direct solar radiation \(I_{dsr,j,d}\), the integrated sky solar radiation \(I_{isr,j,d}\), and the integrated long-wavelength radiation \(I_{nsr,j,d}\) to the envelope j on date \(d\) are calculated according to the azimuth and tilt angle of the envelope j as follows. Note that 0.5 in the formula is the sky view factor from a vertical surface, and 0.1 is the solar reflectance at the ground surface. Also, \(\theta_{j,d,t}\) is the angle between the normal of envelope j and the sun direction at date \(d\) time t, \(h_{sun,d,t}\) is the sun altitude at date \(d\) time t, and \(\theta_{sun,d,t}\) is the sun azimuth angle at date \(d\) time t. \(\eta_{j,d,t}\) is the angle-of-incidence characteristic of the envelope j at date \(d\) time t, which should be obtained by the following formula. \(\eta_{max}\) is the maximum value of \(\eta_{j,d,t}\), which is 0.89.
The sine and cosine values of the solar altitude \(h_{sun,d,t}\) [rad] and the solar azimuth angle \(\theta_{sun,d,t}\) [rad] at date \(d\), time \(t\)are calculated as follows. Note that the unit of angle in obtaining the sine and cosine is radian.
where \(del_{d}\) [rad] is the solar declination of date \(d\) and \(e_{d}\) [rad] is the equation of time on date \(d\), which is obtained from the following formula. The daynum(d) in the formula is the function to find the day of year of the date \(d\).
\(Tim_{d,t}\) [rad] is the hour angle at date \(d\) time t, which is obtained from the following formula. Where, time t is from 1 to 24.
2.4.2 Steady-State Heat Gain from Envelope
Steady-state heat gain from the envelope is calculated separately for "steady-state heat gain due to temperature difference" and "steady-state heat gain due to solar radiation".
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{wall,t,i,d}\) |
Steady-state heat gain through transmission due to temperature differences, etc. from exterior walls, etc. of room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/d |
2.4.2.2 |
\(Q_{wind,t,i,d}\) |
Steady-state heat gain through transmission due to temperature differences from windows, etc. of room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/d |
2.4.2.3 |
\(Q_{wall,n,i,d}\) |
Steady-state heat loss through transmission due to long-wavelength radiation from exterior walls, etc. of room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/d |
2.4.2.4 |
\(Q_{wind,n,i,d}\) |
Steady-state heat loss through transmission due to long-wavelength radiation from windows, etc. of room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/d |
2.4.2.5 |
\(Q_{wall,s,i,d}\) |
Steady-state heat gain due to solar radiation from exterior walls, etc. of room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/d |
2.4.2.6 |
\(Q_{wind,s,i,d}\) |
Steady-state heat gain due to solar radiation from windows, etc. in room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/d |
2.4.2.7 |
\(A_{room,i}\) |
Floor area of room |
m2 |
Form 2-1: (1) Room Area |
\(AirConditioning_{i}\) |
Whether room i is an air-conditioned room or not |
Boolean value |
Form 2-4: (1) True if there is a room name in the air conditioned zone name. False otherwise. |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{AC,room,tin,i,d}\) |
Steady-state heat gain due to temperature difference in room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.4 |
\(Q_{AC,room,sin,i,d}\) |
Steady-state heat gain due to solar radiation in room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.4 |
The steady-state heat gain per unit floor area due to temperature difference and long-wavelength radiation in room i on date \(d\) \(Q_{AC,room,tin,i,d}\) is determined by the following formula.
a) If room i is a room to be air-conditioned (\(AirConditioning_{i}={\rm True}\)),
b) If room i is a non-air-conditioned room (only when calculating PAL*) (\(AirCondioning_{i}={\rm False}\)),
The daily integrated steady-state heat gain due to solar radiation in room i on date \(d\), \(Q_{AC,room,sin,i,d}\) is obtained by the following formula.
a) If room i is a room to be air-conditioned (\(AirConditioning_{i}={\rm True}\)),
b) If room i is a non-air-conditioned room (only when calculating PAL*) (\(AirCondioning_{i}={\rm False}\)),
2.4.2.1 Area of Exterior Walls
The exterior wall area is calculated by subtracting the window area from the entered envelope area.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(A_{env,i,j}\) |
Area of the envelope j belonging to room |
m2 |
Form 2-4: (5) Envelope Area (including windows) |
\(A_{wind,i,j}\) |
Area of window, etc. j belonging to room |
m2 |
Form 2-4: (7) Openings Window Area |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(A_{wall,i,j}\) |
Area of exterior walls, etc. j belonging to room |
m2 |
2.4.2.2, 2.4.2.4, 2.4.2.6 |
The area of exterior walls, etc. is calculated by the following formula.
2.4.2.2 Steady-state Heat Gain Through Transmission due to Temperature Differences in Exterior Walls, etc.
Calculate the steady-state heat gain through transmission due to temperature differences in exterior walls, etc.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(A_{wall,i,j}\) |
Area of exterior walls, etc. j belonging to room |
m2 |
2.4.2.1 |
\(WallType_{i,j}\) |
Type of exterior walls, etc. j belonging to room |
- |
Form 2-2: (2) Wall Type |
\(U_{wall,i,j}\) |
Thermal transmittance of exterior walls, etc. j belonging to room |
W/(m2・K) |
A.1 |
\(\theta_{AC,room,i,d}\) |
Temperature setting of room i on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.3.1 |
\(\theta_{AC,oa,d}\) |
Daily average outside air temperature on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.2.3 |
\(\theta_{AC,oa,ave}\) |
Annual average outside air temperature |
℃ |
2.2.3 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{wall,t,i,d}\) |
Steady-state heat gain through transmission due to temperature differences from exterior walls, etc. of room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/d |
2.4.2 |
Steady-state heat gain through transmission due to temperature differences from exterior walls, etc. of room i on date \(d\) \(Q_{wall,t,i,d}\) is calculated by the following method a) when the exterior wall, etc. is in contact with the outside air, and by the following method b) when the exterior wall, etc. is in contact with the ground. The subscript j in each formula should represent the exterior wall, etc. of room i that corresponds to the conditions in a) and b), respectively.
a) If it is an exterior wall in contact with the outside air (\(WallType_{i,j}=\mbox{exterior wall}\)),
b) If it is a grounded wall (wall in contact with the ground) (\(WallType_{i,j}=\mbox{grounded wall}\)),
2.4.2.3 Steady-State Heat Gain Through Transmission due to Temperature Differences at Windows, etc.
Calculate the steady-state heat gain through transmission due to temperature differences at windows, etc.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(A_{wind,i,j}\) |
Area of window, etc. j belonging to room |
m2 |
Form 2-4: (7) Openings Window Area |
\(D_{env,i,j}\) |
Orientation of envelope, etc. j belonging to room |
- |
Form 2-4: (2) Orientation |
\(U_{wind,i,j}\) |
Thermal transmittance of windows, etc. j belonging to room |
W/(m2・K) |
A.2 |
\(\theta_{AC,room,i,d}\) |
Temperature setting of room i on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.3.1 |
\(\theta_{AC,oa,d}\) |
Daily average outside air temperature on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.2.3 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{wind,t,i,d}\) |
Steady-state heat gain through transmission due to temperature differences from windows, etc. of room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/d |
2.4.2 |
The steady-state heat gain through transmission due to temperature differences from windows, etc. of room i on date \(d\) \(Q_{wind,t,i,d}\) is calculated by the following formula.
a) If the orientation of the window, etc. j is not "in shade",
b) If the orientation of the window, etc. j is "in shade",
2.4.2.4 Steady-state Heat Loss Through Transmission due to Long-wavelength Radiation from Exterior Walls, etc.
Calculate the steady-state heat loss through transmission due to long-wavelength radiation from exterior walls, etc.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(U_{wall,i,j}\) |
Thermal transmittance of exterior walls, etc. j belonging to room |
W/(m2・K) |
A.1 |
\(A_{wall,i,j}\) |
Area of exterior walls, etc. j belonging to room |
m2 |
2.4.2.1 |
\(I_{nsr,i,j,d}\) |
Integrated long-wavelength radiation to the envelope j belonging to room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.1 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{wall,n,i,d}\) |
Steady-state heat loss through transmission due to long-wavelength radiation from exterior walls, etc. of room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/d |
2.4.2 |
The steady-state heat loss through transmission due to long-wavelength radiation from exterior walls, etc. of room i on date \(d\) \(Q_{wall,n,i,d}\) is calculated by the following method a) for exterior walls, etc. in contact with the outside air, and by the following method b) for exterior walls in contact with the ground. Multiply by -1 because the loss is a negative value.
The "0.9" in the formula is the longwave emissivity at the wall, etc.
2.4.2.5 Steady-State Heat Loss through Transmission due to Long-Wavelength Radiation from Windows, etc.
Calculate the steady-state heat loss through transmission due to long-wavelength radiation from windows, etc.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(A_{wind,i,j}\) |
Area of window, etc. j belonging to room |
m2 |
Form 2-4: (7) Openings Window Area |
\(U_{wind,i,j}\) |
Thermal transmittance of windows, etc. j belonging to room |
W/(m2・K) |
A.2 |
\(I_{nsr,i,j,d}\) |
Integrated long-wavelength radiation to envelope j on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.1 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{wind,n,i,d}\) |
Steady-state heat loss through transmission due to long-wavelength radiation from windows, etc. of room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/d |
2.4.2 |
Steady-state heat loss through transmission due to long-wavelength radiation from windows, etc. of room i on date \(d\) \(Q_{wind,n,i,d}\) is calculated by the following formula. Multiply by -1 because the loss is a negative value.
The "0.9" in the formula is the longwave emissivity at the wall, etc.
2.4.2.6 Steady-State Heat Gain due to Solar Radiation to Exterior Walls, etc.
Calculate the steady-state heat gain due to solar radiation to exterior walls, etc.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(D_{env,i,j}\) |
Orientation of envelope, etc. j belonging to room |
- |
Form 2-4: (2) Orientation |
\(U_{wall,i,j}\) |
Thermal transmittance of exterior walls, etc. j belonging to room |
W/(m2・K) |
A.1 |
\(A_{wall,i,j}\) |
Area of exterior walls, etc. j belonging to room |
m2 |
2.4.2.1 |
\(I_{dsr,i,j,d}\) |
Integrated direct solar radiation to the envelope j belonging to room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.1 |
\(I_{isr,i,j,d}\) |
Integrated sky solar radiation and reflected solar radiation to the envelope j belonging to room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.1 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{wall,s,i,d}\) |
Steady-state heat gain due to solar radiation from exterior walls, etc. of room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/d |
2.4.2 |
The steady-state heat gain due to solar radiation from exterior walls \(Q_{wall,s,i,d}\) is calculated by the method a) for exterior walls, etc. exposed to the sun, and by the method b) for exterior walls, etc. not exposed to the sun.
a) If the orientation of the envelope, etc. j is not "in shade",
b) If the orientation of the envelope, etc. j is "in shade",
The "0.8" in the formula is the solar absorptance at the wall, etc.
2.4.2.7 Steady-State Heat Gain due to Solar Radiation from Windows, etc.
Calculate the steady-state heat gain from solar radiation from windows, etc.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(D_{env,i,j}\) |
Orientation of envelope, etc. j belonging to room |
- |
Form 2-4: (2) Orientation |
\(\gamma_{wind,c,i,j}\) |
Sunshade effect coefficient of window, etc. j belonging to room i (cooling) |
- |
Form 2-4: (3) Sunshade Effect Coefficient (Cooling) |
\(\gamma_{wind,h,i,j}\) |
Sunshade effect coefficient of window, etc. j belonging to room i (heating) |
- |
Form 2-4: (3) Sunshade Effect Coefficient (Heating) |
\(A_{wind,i,j}\) |
Area of window, etc. j belonging to room |
m2 |
Form 2-4: (7) Openings Window Area |
\(\eta_{i,j}\) |
Solar heat gain coefficient of windows, etc. j belonging to room |
- |
A.2 |
\(Season_{d}\) |
Cooling/heating season (cooling, intermediate, or heating seasons) on date \(d\) |
- |
2.2.2 |
\(I'_{dsr,i,j,d}\) |
Integrated direct solar radiation to the envelope j belonging to room i on date \(d\) (with angle of incidence characteristic) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.1 |
\(I_{isr,i,j,d}\) |
Integrated sky solar radiation and reflected solar radiation to the envelope j belonging to room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.1 |
\(\eta_{max}\) |
Maximum angle-of-incidence characteristic |
- |
2.4.1 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{wind,s,i,d}\) |
Steady-state heat gain due to solar radiation from windows, etc. in room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/d |
2.4.2 |
The steady-state heat gain due to solar radiation from windows, etc. in room i on date \(d\) \(Q_{wind,s,i,d}\) is calculated by the following method a) for a window, etc. exposed to the sun, and by the following method b) for a window, etc. not exposed to the sun. For the sunshade effect coefficient on date \(d\), either the sunshade effect coefficient (cooling) or the sunshade effect coefficient (heating) should be applied, depending on the cooling/heating season on date \(d\).
a) If the orientation of the envelope, etc. j is not "in shade",
b) If the orientation of the envelope, etc. j is "in shade",
The "0.88" in the formula is the solar heat gain for standard glass, and the "0.808" is the angle-of-incidence characteristic for sky solar radiation and reflected solar radiation.
2.4.3 Heat Gain due to Internal Heat Generation
Calculate the heat gain due to internal heat generation.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(O_{AC,room,i,d}\) |
Operating status of the air conditioner in room i on date \(d\) |
Boolean value |
2.3.3 |
\(Q_{AC,room,light,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated value of lighting heat generation density in room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.3.4 |
\(Q_{AC,room,human,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated value of heat generation density of occupants in room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.3.4 |
\(Q_{AC,room,app,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated value of equipment heat generation density in room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.3.4 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{AC,room,in,i,d}\) |
Load due to internal heat generation in room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.4 |
In this calculation method, for simplicity, heat generations from room lighting, human body and equipment are treated as steady-state heat gain with no time delay. However, if date \(d\) is not air-conditioned day, both of these should be set to 0. Whether a day is air-conditioned day or not is defined by the standard room use conditions for each room use.
a) If the air conditioning is ON on date \(d\) for room i (\(O_{AC,room,i,d}={\rm True}\)),
b) If the air conditioning is OFF on date \(d\) for room i (\(O_{AC,room,i,d}={\rm False}\)),
2.4.4 Daily Integrated Room Load
The daily integrated room load is calculated by calculating the daily integrated steady-state heat gain per unit floor area based on the envelope configuration of each room and multiplying it by the "factor for converting steady-state heat gain to room load".
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{AC,room,tin,i,d}\) |
Steady-state heat gain due to temperature difference in room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.2 |
\(Q_{AC,room,sin,i,d}\) |
Steady-state heat gain due to solar radiation in room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.2 |
\(Q_{AC,room,in,i,d}\) |
Internal heat generation in room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.3 |
\(a_{tc1,d}, a_{tc2,d}\) |
Coefficient for converting steady-state heat gain caused by temperature difference on date \(d\) to room load (cooling) |
- |
A.3 |
\(a_{th1,d}, a_{th2,d}\) |
Coefficient for converting steady-state heat gain caused by temperature difference on date \(d\) to room load (heating) |
- |
A.3 |
\(a_{sc1,d}, a_{sc2,d}\) |
Coefficient for converting steady-state heat gain due to solar radiation on date \(d\) to room load (cooling) |
- |
A.3 |
\(O_{AC,room,i,d}\) |
Operating status of the air conditioner in room i on date \(d\) |
Boolean value |
2.3.3 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{AC,room,c,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated room load (cooling) for room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.5.1 |
\(Q_{AC,room,h,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated room load (heating) for room i on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.5.1 |
First, calculate the cooling load due to temperature difference \(Q_{AC,room,tc,i,d}\)[Wh/(m2・d)], heating load due to temperature difference \(Q_{AC,room,th,i,d}\)[Wh/(m2・d)], cooling load due to solar radiation \(Q_{AC,room,sc,i,d }\)[Wh/(m2・d)], respectively. For convenience, the cooling load is expressed as a positive value and the heating load as a negative value, and \(Q_{AC,room,tc,i,d}≥0\), \(Q_{AC,room,th,i,d}≤0\), \(Q_{AC,room,sc,i,d}≥0\).
a) If the air conditioning is ON on date \(d\) for room i,
b) If the air conditioning is OFF on date \(d\) for room i,
The coefficients for converting steady-state heat gain to room load \(\{a_{tc1,d},a_{tc2,d}\}\), \(\{a_{th1,d},a_{th2,d}\}\), and \(\{a_{sc1,d},a_{sc2,d}\}\) are defined by region, room use, cooling/heating season (cooling season, intermediate season, heating season), and the previous day’s air conditioning operation status.
Based on these loads \(Q_{AC,room,tc,i,d}\), \(Q_{AC,room,th,i,d}\), \(Q_{AC,room,sc,i,d}\) and the load due to internal heat generation \(Q_{AC,room,in,i,d}\), the daily integrated room load is calculated by following procedure.
Step 1) Find the following A and B.
a) If \(Q_{AC,room,th,i,d} + Q_{AC,room,sc,i,d}<0\),
b) If \(Q_{AC,room,th,i,d} + Q_{AC,room,sc,i,d}≥0\),
Step 2) Find the following C and D.
(a) If \(B + Q_{AC,room,in,i,d}<0\),
(b) If \(B + Q_{AC,room,in,i,d}≥0\),
The calculated C is the daily integrated room load (cooling) for room i \(Q_{AC,room,c,i,d}\)[Wh/( m2-d )] , and D is the daily integrated room load (heating) for room i \(Q_{AC,room,h,i,d}\)[Wh/( m2-d )]. However, if date \(d\) is not a air-conditioned day, these will both be 0. Whether a day is air-conditioned day or not is defined by the standard room use conditions for each room use.
2.5 Primary Energy Consumption of an Air Handling Unit Group
2.5.1 Daily Integrated Room Load Handled by an Air Handling Unit Group
The daily integrated room load handled by each air handling unit group is calculated by totalizing the room loads of the rooms where the air handling unit group handles the load.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(A_{room,i,r}\) |
Area of room r belonging to air handling unit group |
m2 |
Form 2-1: (1) Floor Area |
\(EquipmentName_{AC,ahu,room,i,r}\) |
Air handling unit group name for room load handling of room r belonging to air handling unit group |
- |
Form 2-1: (3) Room Load Handling |
\(Q_{AC,room,c,r,d}\) |
Daily integrated room load (cooling) of room r on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.4 |
\(Q_{AC,room,h,r,d}\) |
Daily integrated room load (heating) of room r on date \(d\) |
Wh/(m2・d) |
2.4.4 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(OnlyOALoad_{AC,ahu,i}\) |
Whether or not the air handling unit group i handles only outside air load |
Boolean value |
2.5.2 |
\(Q_{AC,ahu,room,c,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated room load (cooling) of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.5.2, 2.5.5, 2.5.4 |
\(Q_{AC,ahu,room,h,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated room load (heating) on date \(d\) for air handling unit group |
MJ/d |
2.5.2, 2.5.5 |
Whether or not the air handling unit group i handles only outside air load \(OnlyOALoad_{AC,ahu,i}\) is False if the name of the air handling unit group i matches at least one of the names of the air handling unit group for handling room load of room r belonging to the air handling unit group i \(EquipmentName_{AC,ahu,room,i,r}\) , and True otherwise.
The daily integrated room load (cooling) \(Q_{AC,ahu,room,c,i,d}\) and daily integrated room load (heating) \(Q_{AC,ahu,room,h,i,d}\) of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) are calculated by the following formula. For the air handling unit group that handles only outside air load, the daily integrated room load should be set to 0, and only the outside air load should be integrated as described below.
a) If only the outside air load is processed ( \(OnlyOALoad_{AC,ahu,i} = {\rm True}\) ),
b) Otherwise,
2.5.2 Operating Hours of an Air conditioner Group
The operating hours of an air handling unit group are calculated as the total value of the used hours of the rooms in which the relevant air handling unit group performs air conditioning.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(O_{AC,room,r,d,t}\) |
Presence or Absence of air conditioning operation of room r at date \(d\), time \(t\) |
Boolean value |
2.3.3 |
\(Q_{AC,ahu,room,c,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated room load (cooling) of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.5.1 |
\(Q_{AC,ahu,room,h,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated room load (heating) on date \(d\) for air handling unit group |
MJ/d |
2.5.1 |
\(OnlyOALoad_{AC,ahu,i}\) |
Whether or not the air handling unit group i handles only outside air load |
Boolean value |
2.5.1 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(T_{AC,ahu,i,d}\) |
Operating hours of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.5.3, 2.5.5, 2.5.10 |
\(T_{AC,ahu,aex,i,d}\) |
Operating hours of the total heat exchangers of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.5.12 |
\(T_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}\) |
Cooling operation hours of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.5.4, 2.5.10, 2.5.6, 2.5.12 |
\(T_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}\) |
Heating operation hours of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.5.10, 2.5.6, 2.5.12 |
\(O_{AC,ahu,i,d,t}\) |
Operation status of the air handling unit group i at date \(d\), time \(t\) |
Boolean value |
2.6.2 |
The operating hours of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) \(T_{AC,ahu,i,d}\) is calculated by totalizing the operating status of the air handling unit group i at each time on a daily basis, assuming that the air handling unit group i is operating if any one of the rooms r that are air-conditioned by the air conditioner j belonging to the air handling unit group i, is performing air conditioning at each time.
First, calculate the operating status of the air handling unit group i at date \(d\), time \(t\)\(O_{AC,ahu,i,d,t}\). For a room air conditioned by the air handling unit group i, if \(O_{AC,room,r,d,t}\) is True in one room, then \(O_{AC,ahu,i,d,t}\) is True; if \(O_{AC,room,i,d,t}\) is False in all rooms, then \(O_{AC,ahu ,i,d,t}\) is False.
The operating hours of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) \(T_{AC,ahu,i,d}\) is calculated by counting the number of hours for which \(O_{AC,ahu,i,d,t}\) is True on each day.
Next, calculate the cooling and heating operation hours of each air handling unit group. The daily integrated room load for each air handling unit group was calculated as above, but both the absolute values of the cooling room load and heating room load can be greater than zero on the same day. This means that both loads occur in a day, for example, the heating room load occurs in the morning, but the cooling room load occurs in the afternoon. However, since this calculation method calculates the daily integrated room load, it is not known at what time of the day the cooling room load and heating room load occurred. Therefore, it was decided to determine the cooling and heating operation hours by proportionally dividing the daily integrated air conditioning operation hours by the ratio of the absolute values of the cooling room load and the heating room load. However, the terms "cooling" and "heating" here indicate that the room load generated is the cooling (or heating) load. And the air conditioning load that is the room load plus the outside air load is not necessarily the cooling (or heating) load. In addition, as discussed in detail below, when the heat source system does not have a simultaneous cooling and heating supply function (i.e., it has a switching function between cooling and heating operations depending on the season), the heating load in the cooling and intermediate seasons and the cooling load in the heating season are assumed to be ignored without being processed (this is called the "unprocessed load").
The cooling operation hours \(T_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}\) and heating operation hours \(T_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}\) of the air handling unit group i are obtained by the following formula.
a) If only the outside air load is processed ( \(OnlyOALoad_{AC,ahu,i} = {\rm True}\) )
For the air handling unit groups that process only outside air load, the room load to be processed is 0 for both cooling and heating, so the following formula is used for convenience.
b) In other cases,
b-1) If there is no operating hours for the air handling unit group i ( \(T_{AC,ahu,i,d}=0\)),
b-2) In other cases,
b-2-1) If the absolute value of the room load (heating) is greater than the absolute value of room load (cooling) ( \(| Q_{AC,ahu,room,c,i,d}| < |Q_{AC,ahu,room,h,i,d}|\) ),
b-2-2) Otherwise,
In the formula, "ceil" is a function that means to round up the decimal point and obtain an integer value.
Assume that the operating hours of the total heat exchanger \(T_{AC,ahu,aex,i,d}\) is the same as that of the air handling unit group i.
2.5.3 Outside Air Load
Calculate the outside air load handled by an air handling unit group.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(A_{room,i,r}\) |
Area of room r belonging to air handling unit group |
m2 |
Form 2-1: (1) Floor Area |
\(EquipmentName_{AC,ahu,oa,i,r}\) |
Name of the air handling unit group for outside air load treatment of room r belonging to air handling unit group |
- |
Form 2-1: (4) Outside Air Load Handling |
\(EquipmentName_{AC,ahu,i}\) |
Name of the air handling unit group |
- |
Form 2-7: (1) Name of the Air Handling Unit Group |
\(N_{AC,ahu,i,j}\) |
Number of fans j belonging to the air handling unit group |
Number of devices |
Form 2-7: (2) Number of Devices |
\(TotalHeatExchanger_{AC,ahu,i,j}\) |
Presence or Absence of total heat exchangers of fan j belonging to the air handling unit group |
Present/Absent |
Form 2-7: (15) Presence or Absence of a Total Heat Exchanger |
\(V_{AC,ahu,aex,i,j}\) |
Design airflow rate of the total heat exchangers of fan j belonging to air handling unit group |
m3/ (h・device) |
Form 2-7: (16) Design Airflow Volume of a Total Heat Exchanger |
\(\eta_{ahu,aex,i,j}\) |
The total heat exchange efficiency of total heat exchangers of fan j belonging to the air handling unit group |
% |
Form 2-7: (16) Total Heat Exchange Efficiency |
\(AutoChangeCtrl_{ahu,aex,i,j}\) |
Presence or Absence of automatic ventilation switching function of total heat exchangers of fan j belonging to air handling unit group |
Present/Absent |
Form 2-7: (18) Presence or Absence of Automatic Ventilation Switching Function |
\(V_{AC,room,oa,i,r}\) |
Fresh outside air volume into room r belonging to the air handling unit group |
m3/(h・m2) |
2.3.5 |
\(T_{AC,ahu,i,d}\) |
Operating hours of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.5.2 |
\(H_{AC,oa,d,alltime}\) |
Outside air enthalpy on date \(d\). |
kJ/kg |
2.2.4 |
\(H_{AC,oa,d,daytime}\) |
Outside air enthalpy during daytime on date \(d\) |
kJ/kg |
2.2.4 |
\(H_{AC,oa,d,nighttime}\) |
Outside air enthalpy during nighttime on date \(d\) |
kJ/kg |
2.2.4 |
\(H_{AC,room,d}\) |
Inside air enthalpy during air conditioning on date \(d\) |
kJ/kg |
2.3.2 |
\(Season_{d}\) |
Cooling/heating season (cooling, intermediate, or heating seasons) on date \(d\) |
- |
2.2.2 |
\(OperatingTime_{AC,room,r}\) |
Operating time zone of room r air conditioners (all day, daytime, nighttime) |
- |
2.3.3 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(V_{AC,ahu,oa,i}\) |
Fresh outside air volume by the air handling unit group |
kg/s |
2.5.4 |
\(\Delta H_{AC,oa,d}\) |
Enthalpy difference between outside and inside air on date \(d\) |
kJ/kg |
2.5.4 |
\(q_{AC,ahu,oa,i,d}\) |
Outside air load of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.5.5 |
First, calculate the outside air volume by air handling unit group i \(V_{AC,ahu,oa,i}\). The integrated value of the outside air volume by air handling unit group i to all rooms to be air conditioned \(V_{AC,room,oa,i,r}\) should be the outside air volume by air handling unit group i \(V_{AC,ahu,oa,i}\).
Next, calculate the supply airflow rate \(V_{AC,ahu,aex,i}\) [kg/s] of the total heat exchangers belonging to the air handling unit group i.
The daily average outside air enthalpy on date \(d\) is obtained by the following formula. If an air handling unit group runs all day, the daily average of outside air enthalpy is used; when it runs at night over several days, the night-time average of outside air enthalpy is used; and when it runs only during the day, the daytime average is used.
The operating time zone of a air handling unit group depends on the used time zone of the rooms to which they are connected. If the use time zones of all connected rooms are the same, the operating time zone of the air handling unit group is equal to it. However, if the use time zones differ depending on the connected room, it is considered as an "all-day operation" without depending on the combination of them.
The enthalpy difference between inside and outside is calculated by the following formula.
\(OnlyRoomLoad_{AC,ahu,i}\), which indicates whether the air handling unit group i handles only room load, is False if the name of the air handling unit group i matches at least one of the names of the air handling unit groups for handling outside air load of room r belonging to the air handling unit group i \(EquipmentName_{AC,ahu,oa,i,r}\). Otherwise, it is assumed to be True.
\(AutoChangeCtrl_{ahu,aex,i}\), which indicates whether the automatic ventilation switching function is enabled for the total heat exchangers of the air handling unit group i, is "Enabled" if the automatic ventilation switching function is enabled in at least one of the total heat exchangers of fan j belonging to the air handling unit group i. Otherwise, it is assumed to be "Disabled".
a) If there is one or more total heat exchangers (\(AutoChangeCtrl_{ahu,aex,i,j} = \mbox{Enabled}\)) for which the automatic ventilation switching function is enabled,
b) In other cases,
The outside air load of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) \(q_{AC,ahu,oa,i,d}\) is calculated by the following formula. When calculating the outside air load, the load reduction effect is expected when each air handling unit group includes a total heat exchanger, but the calculation method differs depending on whether the total heat exchanger is equipped with an automatic ventilation switching function.
a) If only the inside load is handled, or if there is no operating hour for the air handling unit group i,
( \(OnlyRoomLoad_{AC,ahu,i} = {\rm True} \lor T_{AC,ahu,i,d} = 0\) )
b) In other cases,
b-1) For the heating season ( \(Season_{d} = \mbox{heating season}\)),
b-1-1) If the automatic ventilation switching function of the total heat exchangers is enabled and the difference value between inside and outside enthalpies is positive,
( \(AutoChangeCtrl_{ahu,aex,i} = \mbox{Enabled} \land \Delta H_{AC,oa,d}>0\))
b-1-2) In other cases,
b-2) In other cases,
b-2-1) If the automatic ventilation switching function of the total heat exchangers is enabled and the difference value between inside and outside enthalpies is not positive,
(\(AutoChangeCtrl_{ahu,aex,i} = \mbox{Enabled} \land ΔH_{AC,oa,d} \leqq 0\))
b-2-2) In other cases,
\(V'_{AC,ahu,aex,i}\) in the formula is the supply airflow rate of total heat exchangers belonging to the air handling unit group i, capped by the outside air volume, and is calculated by the following formula.
The \(\eta' _{ahu,aex,i}\) [-] in the formula is the total heat exchange efficiency of total heat exchangers belonging to the air handling unit group i corrected by considering the actual operating performance, and is calculated by the following formula \(C _{tol}\) is a coefficient related to the indicated value, \(C_{eff}\) is a coefficient related to the effective ventilation rate, and \(C_{bal}\) is a coefficient related to the balance between supply air volume and exhaust air volume.
\(\eta_{ahu,aex,i}\) [%] in the formula is the total heat exchange efficiency of total heat exchangers belonging to the air handling unit group i before correction, and you should adopt the worst total heat exchange efficiency among the total heat exchangers of fan j belonging to air handling unit group i.
a) If there is more than one fan with a total heat exchanger ( \(TotalHeatExchanger_{AC,ahu,i,j} = \mbox{Yes}\)),
b) In other cases,
\(C_{tol}\) is a coefficient considering the allowable range of indicated value specified in JIS B 8628:2003, \(C_{eff}\) is a coefficient considering the allowable range of effective ventilation rate in the same standard, and \(C_{bal}\) is the reduction ratio of the total heat exchange efficiency when the ratio of actual supply air volume and exhaust air volume is assumed to be 2:1 while considering the description (the use of a total heat exchanger should be considered only in such cases as where the exhaust air volume can be maintained at approximately 40% of the outside air volume) in the Building Equipment Design Standards (supervised by the Building Equipment and Environment Division, Government Buildings Department, Minister’s Secretariat, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism). In practice, it is possible to obtain better total heat exchange efficiency by using the effective ventilation rate, and total heat exchange efficiency under the design conditions of the adopted model. However, at present, there are issues on how to specify these in the design documents and how to adjust and check the building equipment after construction and completion. Therefore, the calculation is based on a coefficient that assumes the safe side (lower efficiency) as described above.
2.5.4 Load Reduction by Outside Air Cooling Control
Calculate the load reduction by outside air cooling control of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\).
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(N_{AC,ahu,i,j}\) |
Number of air conditioners j belonging to the air handling unit group |
Number of devices |
Form 2-7: (2) Number of Devices |
\(V_{AC,ahu,oacool,i,j,max,unit}\) |
Design maximum outside airflow rate per air conditioner j belonging to the air handling unit group |
m3/ (h・device) |
Form 2-7: (6) Design Maximum Outside Airflow Volume |
\(OACoolingCtrl_{AC,ahu,i}\) |
Presence or Absence of outside air cooling control |
Present/Absent |
Form 2-7: (14) Presence or Absence of Outside Air Cooling Control |
\(T_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}\) |
Air conditioning operation hours of (cooling) air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.5.2 |
\(Q_{AC,ahu,room,c,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated room load (cooling) of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.5.1 |
\(V_{AC,ahu,oa,i}\) |
Fresh outside air volume by the air handling unit group |
kg/s |
2.5.3 |
\(ΔH_{AC,oa,d}\) |
Enthalpy difference between outside and inside air on date \(d\) |
kJ/kg |
2.5.3 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{AC,ahu,oacool,i,d}\) |
Load reduction by outside air cooling control of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.6.1 |
First, calculate the design maximum outside air volume for air handling unit group i \(V_{AC,ahu,oacool,max,i}\) [kg/s]. If Form 2-7: (6) Design maximum Outside Airflow Volume is blank, \(V_{AC,ahu,oacool,max,i}\) is assumed to be 0.
Next, calculate the airflow rate during outside air cooling \(V_{AC,ahu,oacool,i,d}\). The supply airflow rate during outside air cooling should not exceed the design maximum outside airflow rate \(V_{AC,ahu,oacool,max,i}\).
a) Outside air cooling control is enabled and the cooling operation hours is a positive number
( \(OACoolingCtrl_{AC,ahu,i} = \mbox{Yes} \land T_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}>0\) ).
b) outside air cooling control is disabled or there is no cooling operation hour
( \(OACoolingCtrl_{AC,ahu,i} = \mbox{none} \lor T_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}=0\) ).
The load reduction by outside air cooling control \(Q_{AC,ahu,oacool,i,d}\) is calculated by the following formula.
2.5.5 Daily Integrated Air Conditioning Load
The daily integrated air conditioning load is calculated by adding the outside air load to the room load of each air handling unit group. In this calculation, consider the effect of introducing the "Control to Stop Outside Air Introduction During Preheating".
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(OACutCtrl_{AC,ahu,i}\) |
Presence or Absence of the "Control to Stop Outside Air Introduction During Preheating" |
Present/Absent |
Form 2-7 (13) : Presence or Absence of the "Stop Outside Air Introduction During Preheating" process |
\(SimultenousCtrl_{AC,ref,j}\) |
Presence or Absence of providing simultaneous cooling and heating by the heat source group j, to which air handling unit group i belongs |
Present/Absent |
Form 2-5 (2): Presence or Absence of Simultaneous Supply Function of Heating and Cooling |
\(T_{AC,ahu,i,d}\) |
Operating hours of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.5.2 |
\(T_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}\) |
Cooling operation hours of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.5.2 |
\(T_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}\) |
Heating operation hours of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.5.2 |
\(q_{AC,ahu,oa,i,d}\) |
Outside air load of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.5.3 |
\(Q_{AC,ahu,room,h,c,d}\) |
Daily integrated room load (cooling) of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.5.1 |
\(Q_{AC,ahu,room,h,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated room load (heating) to air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.5.1 |
\(Season_{d}\) |
Cooling/heating season (cooling, intermediate, or heating seasons) on date \(d\) |
- |
2.2.2 |
\(OnlyOALoad_{AC,ahu,i}\) |
Whether or not the air handling unit group i handles only outside air load |
Boolean value |
2.5.1 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated air conditioning load (cooling) of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.6.1, 2.5.6 |
\(Q_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated air conditioning load (heating) of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.6.1, 2.5.6 |
Calculate the daily integrated air conditioning load (cooling) using the following procedure.
-
a) If only the outside air load is handled (\(OnlyOALoad_{AC,ahu,i} = {\rm True}\)),
-
a-1) If there is no control to stop outside air introduction during preheating (\(OACutCtrl_{AC,ahu,i} = \mbox{no}\)),
\[Q_{ahu,c} = q_{AC,ahu,oa,i,d} \times T_{AC,ahu,i,d} \times 3600 \times 10^{-3}\] -
a-2) If there is a control to stop introduction of outside air during preheating (\(OACutCtrl_{AC,ahu,i} = \mbox{Present}\)),
-
a-2-1) If the operating hours of the air handling unit group i is greater than 1 (\(T_{AC,ahu,i,d} > 1\)),
\[Q_{ahu,c} = q_{AC,ahu,oa,i,d} \times (T_{AC,ahu,i,d} - 1) \times 3600 \times 10^{-3}\] -
a-2-2) In other cases,
\[Q_{ahu,c} = q_{AC,ahu,oa,i,d} \times T_{AC,ahu,i,d} \times 3600 \times 10^{-3}\]
-
-
-
b) In other cases,
-
b-1) If the cooling operation hours of the air handling unit group i is a positive number (\(T_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}>0\)),
-
b-1-1) If there is a control to stop introduction of outside air during preheating, and the cooling operation hours of the air handling unit group i is greater than 1, and the cooling operation hours of the air handling unit group i is greater than heating operation hours (\(OACutCtrl_{AC,ahu,i} = \mbox{Present} \land T_{AC,ahu,c,i,d} > 1 \land T_{AC,ahu,c,i,d} \geqq T_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}\)),
\[Q_{ahu,c} = Q_{AC,ahu,room,c,i,d} + q_{AC,ahu,oa,i,d} \times (T_{AC,ahu,c,i,d} - 1) \times 3600 \times 10^{-3}\] -
b-1-2) In other cases,
\[Q_{ahu,c} = Q_{AC,ahu,room,c,i,d} + q_{AC,ahu,oa,i,d} \times T_{AC,ahu,c,i,d} \times 3600 \times 10^{-3}\]
-
-
b-2) In other cases,
\[Q_{ahu,c} = 0\]
-
Calculate the daily integrated air conditioning load (heating) using the following procedure. However, if only the outside air load is handled, the daily integrated air conditioning load (heating) is 0 because the outside air load is handled as the cooling load for processing purposes.
-
a) If only the outside air load is handled (\(OnlyOALoad_{AC,ahu,i} = {\rm True}\)),
\[Q_{ahu,h} = 0\] -
b) In other cases,
-
b-1) If the heating operation hours of the air handling unit group i is a positive number (\(T_{AC,ahu,c,i,d} > 0\)),
-
b-1-1) If there is a control to stop introduction of outside air during preheating, and the heating operation hours of the air handling unit group i is greater than 1, and the cooling operation hours of air handling unit group i is smaller than heating operation hours (\(OACutCtrl_{AC,ahu,i} = \mbox{Present} \land T_{AC,ahu,h,i,d} > 1 \land T_{AC,ahu,c,i,d} < T_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}\)),
\[Q_{ahu,h} = Q_{AC,ahu,room,h,i,d} + q_{AC,ahu,oa,i,d} \times (T_{AC,ahu,h,i,d} - 1) \times 3600 \times 10^{-3}\] -
b-1-2) In other cases,
\[Q_{ahu,h} = Q_{AC,ahu,room,h,i,d} + q_{AC,ahu,oa,i,d} \times T_{AC,ahu,h,i,d} \times 3600 \times 10^{-3}\]
-
-
b-2) In other cases,
\[Q_{ahu,h} = 0\]
-
2.5.6 Load Factor of an Air Handling Unit Group
The load factor of an air handling unit group is determined by the air conditioning load (coil load) handled by relevant air handling unit group.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(N_{AC,ahu,i,j}\) |
Number of air conditioners j belonging to the air handling unit group |
Number of devices |
Form 2-7: (2) Number of Devices |
\(q_{AC,ahu,c,i,j,rated}\) |
Rated cooling capacity of the air conditioner j belonging to the air handling unit group |
kW/device |
Form 2-7: (4) Rated Cooling Capacity |
\(q_{AC,ahu,h,i,j,rated}\) |
Rated heating capacity of air conditioner j belonging to air handling unit group |
kW/device |
Form 2-7: (5) Rated Heating Capacity |
\(SimultenousCtrl_{AC,ref,i}\) |
Presence or Absence of providing simultaneous cooling and heating by the heat source group i, to which air handling unit group i belongs |
Present/Absent |
Form 2-5 (2): Presence or Absence of Simultaneous Supply Function of Heating and Cooling |
\(Q_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated air conditioning load (cooling) of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.5.5 |
\(Q_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}\) |
Daily integrated air conditioning load (heating) of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.5.5 |
\(T_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}\) |
Cooling operation hours of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.5.2 |
\(T_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}\) |
Heating operation hours of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.5.2 |
\(Season_{d}\) |
Cooling/heating season (cooling, intermediate, or heating seasons) on date \(d\) |
- |
2.2.2 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(L_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}\) |
Load factor during cooling operation of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.5.10, 2.5.7, 2.5.12 |
\(L_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}\) |
Load factor during heating operation of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.5.10, 2.5.7, 2.5.12 |
First, calculate the load factor in the cooling season of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) \(L_{AC,ahu,mix,c,i,d}\) and the load factor in the heating season of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) \(L_{AC,ahu,mix,h,i,d}\). In this calculation method, the daily average load factor is calculated using the daily integrated load, and then, the energy consumption is calculated assuming that the equipment operates at this constant load factor throughout a day.
where the function F in the above formula is defined as follows. The function \(floor(x)\) finds the largest integer smaller than or equal to x for a real number x. The function \(ceil(x)\) finds the smallest integer greater than or equal to x for a real number x.
The load factor during cooling operation and the load factor during heating operation of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) are calculated by the following formula. In systems without simultaneous cooling and heating operation, the load factor is not set to 0 but to a small value ε (= 0.01) in order to calculate energy consumption assuming that the air conditioners are running at a low load rather than completely shutting down.
In addition, the presence or absence of simultaneous cooling/heating supply of heat source group i to which air handling unit group i belongs \(SimultenousCtrl_{AC,ref,i}\) obtains the value of Form 2-5: (2) Presence or Absence of Simultaneous Supply Function of Heating and Cooling by using the heat source group name (Form 2-7: (22) Cooling, (23) Heating) to which the air handling unit group i belongs as the search key.
a) If the operation of the air handling unit group i includes "simultaneous cooling and heating operation" ( \(SimultenousCtrl_{AC,ref,i} = \mbox{Yes}\) ),
b) If the operation of the air handling unit group i does not include "simultaneous cooling and heating operation" (\(SimultenousCtrl_{AC,ref,i} = \mbox{No}\)),
b-1) If the cooling/heating season \(Season_{d}\) is the "cooling season" or "intermediate season"
( \(Season_{d} = \mbox{cooling season} \lor Season_{d} = \mbox{intermediate season}\) )
b-2) If the heating/cooling season \(Season_{d}\) is the "heating season"
( \(Season_{d} = \mbox{heating season}\)),
2.5.7 Coefficients Determined by Airflow Volume Control Method
Calculate the coefficients for calculating the energy saving effect due to airflow rate control.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(FanCtrlType_{AC,ahu,i,j}\) |
Airflow rate control method of fan j belonging to the air handling unit group i (constant airflow rate control or rotational speed control) |
- |
Form 2-7: (11) Airflow Volume Control Method |
\(L_{AC,ahu,i,j,min}\) |
Minimum airflow rate ratio of fan j belonging to the air handling unit group |
% |
Form 2-7: (12) Minimum Airflow Volume Ratio at Variable Airflow Volume |
\(L_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}\) |
Load factor during cooling operation of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.5.6 |
\(L_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}\) |
Load factor during heating operation of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.5.6 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(f_{AC,ahu,c,i,j,d}\) |
Coefficient determined by the airflow rate control method of fan j belonging to air handling unit group i (cooling) |
- |
2.5.9 |
\(f_{AC,ahu,h,i,j,d}\) |
Coefficient determined by the airflow rate control method of fan j belonging to air handling unit group i (heating) |
- |
2.5.9 |
The coefficient determined by the airflow rate control method of fan j belonging to the air handling unit group i \(f_{AC,ahu,c,i,j,d}\) is obtained by the following formula.
If the minimum airflow rate ratio of fan j belonging to the air handling unit group i \(L_{AC,ahu,i,j,min}\) is blank in Form 2-7, it should be \(L_{AC,ahu,i,j,min} = 100\).
a) If \(|L_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}| > 1.0\),
b) If \(|L_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}| = 0\),
c) If \(|L_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}| < \frac{L_{AC,ahu,i,j,min}} {100}\),
d) If \(\frac{L_{AC,ahu,i,j,min}} {100} ≤ |L_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}| ≤ 1.0\),
The coefficient determined by the airflow rate control method of fan j belonging to the air handling unit group i stem:[f_{AC,ahu,h,i,j,d}] is obtained by the following formula.
a) If \(|L_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}| > 1.0\),
b) If stem:[|L_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}| = 0,
c) If \(|L_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}| < \frac{L_{AC,ahu,i,j,min}} {100}\),
d) If \(\frac{L_{AC,ahu,i,j,min}} {100} ≤ |L_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}| ≤ 1.0\),
where the function \(F_{AC,ahu,i,j}(L)\) is a fourth-degree polynomial expressed as the following formula.
The coefficient \(a_{i,j},b_{i.j},c_{i,j},d_{i,j},e_{i,j}\) is the coefficient representing energy consumption characteristic of each fan and is determined by the airflow rate control method \(FanCtrlType_{AC,ahu,i,j}\). If \(FanCtrlType_{AC,ahu,i,j}\) is not specified, it is assumed to be "constant airflow rate control".
Airflow rate control method \(FanCtrlType_{AC,ahu,i,j}\)] | \(a_{i,j}\) | \(b_{i,j}\) | \(c_{i,j}\) | \(d_{i,j}\) | \(e_{i,j}\) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constant airflow rate control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
Rotational Speed Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
<Explanation> This energy consumption characteristic was defined based on the results of a field survey conducted by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) in its 2011 and 2012 Building Standard Improvement Promotion Project, Survey Item 36: "Empirical Evaluation of Energy Saving Effects through Optimal Control of Air Conditioning Systems, etc." The variable airflow rate control refers to the control in which the rotational speed of the fan automatically changes according to the room temperature, etc., and does not cover manual switching of airflow rate, as is often the case with fan coil units and indoor units of packaged air conditioners. If variable airflow rate control is used, the minimum airflow rate ratio (ratio to the rated airflow rate) is set, and if the load factor falls below this minimum airflow rate ratio, the value of the coefficient at the minimum load factor where the load factor does not fall below the minimum airflow rate ratio \(f_{AC,ahu,i,j,min}\) is used for the load factor below that. If the load to be handled exceeds the rated capacity (overload), 1.2 is assumed for both constant and variable airflow rate control. Originally, in the case of an overload, the room temperature would deviate from the setpoint without the load being processed, but this calculation method does not reproduce this phenomenon and calculates energy consumption assuming that 1.2 times the rated power consumption was consumed to reach the set temperature and humidity (the load was processed) for the overload condition.
2.5.8 Rated Power Consumption of Single Fan
The rated power consumption of an air handling unit group should be the sum of the power consumption of the fans belonging to the relevant air handling unit group.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(N_{AC,ahu,i,j}\) |
Number of fans j belonging to the air handling unit group |
Number of devices |
Form 2-7: (2) Number of Devices |
\(E_{AC,ahu,i,j,fsa}\) |
Rated power consumption of the supply air fan of fan j belonging to the air handling unit group |
kW/device |
Form 2-7: (7) Rated Power Consumption of Fan (air supply) |
\(E_{AC,ahu,i,j,fra}\) |
Rated power consumption of the return air fan of fan j belonging to the air handling unit group |
kW/device |
Form 2-7: (7) Rated Power Consumption of Fan (return air) |
\(E_{AC,ahu,i,j,foa}\) |
Rated power consumption of the outside air fan of fan j belonging to the air handling unit group |
kW/device |
Form 2-7: (7) Rated Power Consumption of Fan (outside air) |
\(E_{AC,ahu,i,j,fea}\) |
Rated power consumption of the exhaust air fan of fan j belonging to the air handling unit group |
kW/device |
Form 2-7: (7) Rated Power Consumption of Fan (exhaust) |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(E_{AC,ahu,i,j,rated}\) |
Rated power consumption of fan j belonging to the air handling unit group |
kW |
2.5.9 |
2.5.9 Power Consumption of Fan
Calculate the power consumption of fans belonging to air handling unit group.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(E_{AC,ahu,i,j,rated}\) |
Rated power consumption of fan j belonging to the air handling unit group |
kW |
2.5.8 |
\(f_{AC,ahu,c,i,j,d}\) |
Coefficient determined by the airflow rate control method of fan j belonging to air handling unit group i (cooling) |
- |
2.5.7 |
\(f_{AC,ahu,h,i,j,d}\) |
Coefficient determined by the airflow rate control method of fan j belonging to air handling unit group i (heating) |
- |
2.5.7 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(E_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}\) |
Power consumption during cooling operation of fan belonging to the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.5.10, 2.5.12 |
\(E_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}\) |
Power consumption during heating operation of fan belonging to the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.5.10, 2.5.12 |
The power consumption in cooling operation \(E_{AC,ahu,c,i,j,d}\) and in heating operation \(E_{AC,ahu,h,i,j,d}\) of fan j in air handling unit group i are calculated by the following formula.
The power consumptions of the fan belonging to the air handling unit group i \(E_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}\) and \(E_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}\) are calculated by the following formula.
2.5.10 Fan Heat Generation
Calculate the heat generation by the fans of the air handling unit group.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(ACType_{i,j}\) |
Air conditioner type of air conditioner j belonging to the air handling unit group |
- |
Form 2-7: (3) Air Conditioner Type |
\(T_{AC,ahu,i,d}\) |
Operating hours of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.5.2 |
\(T_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}\) |
Cooling operation hours of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.5.2 |
\(T_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}\) |
Heating operation hours of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.5.2 |
\(E_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}\) |
Power consumption during cooling operation of fan belonging to the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.5.9 |
\(E_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}\) |
Power consumption during heating operation of fan belonging to the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.5.9 |
\(L_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}\) |
Load factor during cooling operation of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.5.6 |
\(L_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}\) |
Load factor during heating operation of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.5.6 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{AC,ahu,heat,c,i,d}\) |
Fan heat generation of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) (during chilled water operation) |
MJ/d |
2.6.1 |
\(Q_{AC,ahu,heat,h,i,d}\) |
Fan heat generation of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) (during hot water operation) |
MJ/d |
2.6.1 |
The heat generations by the fans of an air handling unit group \(Q_{AC,ahu,heat,c,i,d}\) and \(Q_{AC,ahu,heat,h,i,d}\) are calculated by the following formula. Note that the heat generation should be included only when the type of air conditioner belonging to the air handling unit group i is "air conditioner".
where \(ACExists_{i}\) is a boolean value that is True if at least one of the air conditioner types of air conditioner j belonging to air handling unit group i \(ACType_{i,j}\) is "air conditioner", and is False otherwise.
Also, \(f_{fan,heat}\) is the fan heat generation ratio.
a) If "air conditioner" is included in the types of air conditioners belonging to the air handling unit group i ( \(ACExists_{i} = {\rm True}\)),
a-1) If the load factor during cooling operation is not negative and the load factor during heating operation is negative,
(\(L_{AC,ahu,c,i,d} \geqq 0 \land L_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}<0\) )
a-2) If the load factor during cooling operation is not negative and the load factor during heating operation is not negative,
(\(L_{AC,ahu,c,i,d} \geqq 0 \land L_{AC,ahu,h,i,d} \geqq 0\) )
a-3) If the load factor during cooling operation is negative and the load factor during heating operation is negative,
(\(L_{AC,ahu,c,i,d} < 0 \land L_{AC,ahu,h,i,d} < 0\) )
a-4) If the load factor during cooling operation is negative and the load factor during heating operation is not negative,
(\(L_{AC,ahu,c,i,d} < 0 \land L_{AC,ahu,h,i,d} \geqq 0\) )
b) In other cases,
2.5.11 Total Heat Exchanger Power Consumption
Calculate the power consumption of the total heat exchangers belonging to air handling unit group i.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(E_{AC,ahu,aex,R,i,j}\) |
Rated power consumption of the total heat exchanger rotor of fan j belonging to air handling unit group |
kW/device |
Form 2-7: (19) Rotor Power Consumption |
\(N_{AC,ahu,i,j}\) |
Number of air conditioners j belonging to the air handling unit group |
Number of devices |
Form 2-7: (2) Number of Devices |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(E_{AC,ahu,aex,i,d}\) |
Power consumption of the total heat exchanger rotor belonging to the air handling unit group |
kW |
2.5.12 |
The power consumption of a total heat exchanger belonging to the air handling unit group i \(E_{AC,ahu,aex,i,d}\) is calculated by the following formula.
2.5.12 Annual Primary Energy Consumption of an Air Handling Unit Group
Calculate the annual primary energy consumption of an air handling unit group.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(E_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}\) |
Power consumption during cooling operation of fan belonging to the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.5.9 |
\(E_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}\) |
Power consumption during heating operation of fan belonging to the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.5.9 |
\(E_{AC,ahu,aex,i,d}\) |
Power consumption of the total heat exchangers belonging to the air handling unit group |
kW |
2.5.11 |
\(T_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}\) |
Air conditioning operation hours of (cooling) air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.5.2 |
\(T_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}\) |
Air conditioning (heating) operation hours of an air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.5.2 |
\(T_{AC,ahu,aex,i,d}\) |
Operating hours of the total heat exchangers of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.5.2 |
\(L_{AC,ahu,c,i,d}\) |
Load factor during cooling operation of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.5.6 |
\(L_{AC,ahu,h,i,d}\) |
Load factor during heating operation of the air handling unit group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.5.6 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(E_{AC,ahu,i}\) |
Annual primary energy consumption of the air handling unit group |
MJ/year |
2.8 |
The annual primary energy consumption of an air handling unit group \(E_{AC,ahu,i}\) is calculated by the following formula.
where \(E_{AC,ahu,c,i}\) and \(E_{AC,ahu,h,i}\) are calculated by the following formula.
where \(E_{AC,ahu,aex,i}\) is calculated by the following formula.
2.6 Primary Energy Consumption of Secondary Pump Group
The secondary pump group specification is input into Form 2-6 "Secondary Pump Input Sheet", wherein the secondary pump group i should be specified as follows, depending on presence or absence of the input in Form 2-6: (3) Temperature Difference during Cooling and Form 2-6: (3) Temperature Difference during Heating.
1) In the case that values are entered only for Form 2-6: (3) Temperature Difference during Cooling,
Assume that the operation mode of the relevant secondary pump group i is "chilled water pump". The name of secondary pump group i is the same as the string entered in Form 2-6: (1) Secondary Pump Group Name, and the design temperature difference is "Form 2-6: (3) Temperature Difference during Cooling".
2) In the case that values are entered only for Form 2-6: (3) Temperature Difference during Heating,
Assume that the operation mode of the relevant secondary pump group i is "hot water pump". The name of secondary pump group i is the same as the string entered in Form 2-6: (1) Secondary Pump Group Name, and the design temperature difference is "Form 2-6: (3) Temperature Difference during Heating.
3) In the case that values are entered both for Form 2-6: (3) Temperature Difference during Cooling and (3) Temperature Difference during Heating,
There are generated two secondary pump groups: one secondary pump group whose design temperature difference is "Form 2-6: (3) Temperature Difference during Cooling" and whose operation mode is "Chilled Water Pump", and another secondary pump group whose design temperature difference is "Form 2-6: (3) Temperature Difference during Heating" and whose operation mode is "Hot Water Pump".
The names of these secondary pump groups should be the same as the string entered in Form 2-6: (1) Secondary Pump Group Name (i.e., there exist two secondary pump groups with the same name in different operation modes).
4) If 1) 2) 3) are not applicable, a calculation error occurs. Either one of Form 2-6: (3) Temperature Difference during Cooling or (3) Temperature Difference during Heating should have a value.
In other words, in case 3), even if there is physically only one secondary pump, the calculation is based on the assumption that there are two separate pumps: one chilled water secondary pump for handling cooling load and another one, a hot water secondary pump for handling heating load.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(\Delta \theta_{AC,pump,c,i}\) |
Temperature difference of the secondary pump group i during cooling |
℃ |
Form 2-6: (3) Temperature Difference during Cooling |
\(\Delta \theta_{AC,pump,h,i}\) |
Temperature difference of the secondary pump group i during heating |
℃ |
Form 2-6: (3) Temperature Difference during Heating |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(Type_{AC,pump,water,i}\) |
Type of water supplied by the secondary pump group |
Chilled/hot water |
2.6.1 |
a) If the temperature difference during cooling is positive and there is no temperature difference during heating (not entered),
( \(\Delta \theta_{AC,pump,c,i} > 0 \land \Delta \theta_{AC,pump,h,i} \mbox{ is nothing}\) )
b) If there is no temperature difference during cooling (not entered) and the temperature difference during heating is positive,
( \(\Delta \theta_{AC,pump,c,i} \mbox{ is nothing} \land \Delta \theta_{AC,pump,ch,i} > 0\) )
c) If the temperature difference during cooling is positive and the temperature difference during heating is positive,
( \(\Delta \theta_{AC,pump,c,i} > 0 \land \Delta \theta_{AC,pump,ch,i} > 0\) )
The calculation is performed twice, assuming that one secondary pump group i has two virtual pumps.
d) In other cases, the energy consumption of the secondary pump group cannot be calculated.
2.6.1 Secondary Pump Load
The load handled by each secondary pump group (secondary pump load) is calculated from the air conditioning load handled by the air handling unit group.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(Type_{AC,pump,water,i}\) |
Type of water supplied by the secondary pump group |
Chilled/hot water |
2.6 |
\(Q_{AC,ahu,c,i,j,d}\) |
Daily integrated air conditioning load (cooling) of the air handling unit group j connected to the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.5.5 |
\(Q_{AC,ahu,h,i,j,d}\) |
Daily integrated air conditioning load (heating) of the air handling unit group j connected to the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.5.5 |
\(Q_{AC,ahu,heat,c,i,j,d}\) |
Fan heat generation of the air handling unit group j connected to the secondary pump group i at date \(d\) (during chilled water operation) |
MJ/d |
2.5.10 |
\(Q_{AC,ahu,heat,h,i,j,d}\) |
Fan heat generation of the air handling unit group j connected to secondary pump group i at date \(d\) (during hot water operation) |
MJ/d |
2.5.10 |
\(Q_{AC,ahu,oacool,i,j,d}\) |
Load reduction by outside air cooling control of the air handling unit group j connected to the secondary pump group i at date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.5.4 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{AC,pump,i,d}\) |
Secondary pump load of secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.6.4, 2.7.2 |
The load handled by each secondary pump group is calculated by totalizing the air conditioning load of the air handling unit groups to which the secondary pump groups supply chilled and hot water, and then adding up the effect of outside air cooling and the heat generated by the air conditioner fans. The subscript j indicates that the calculation should be done for the air handling unit group to which each pump group supplies chilled water.
a) If the secondary pump is a chilled water pump ( \(Type_{AC,pump,water,i} = \mbox{chilled water}\)),
The \(C_{i,j,d}\) is calculated as follows, according to the following conditions:
1) If \(Q_{AC,ahu,c,i,j,d}>0 \land Q_{AC,ahu,oacool,i,j,d} \leqq 0\),
2) If \(Q_{AC,ahu,c,i,j,d}>0 \land Q_{AC,ahu,oacoo,i,j,d}>0 \land |Q_{AC,ahu,c,i,j,d}-Q_{AC,ahu,oacool,i,j,d} | \geqq 1\),
3) Other than above,
b) If the secondary pump is a hot water pump ( \(Type_{AC,pump,water,i} = \mbox{hot water}\)),
In the above formula, -1 is used as the multiplier to reverse the sign of the heating load, which has been treated as a negative value, so that it becomes a positive value for the sake of convenience.
In systems where outside air cooling control is enabled, the fan heat generation is assumed to be 0 for days when outside air cooling control is enabled. This is because in a system where outside air cooling is effective, if all air conditioning load is handled by outside air introduction, the apparent air conditioning load is zero. And in this case, if the fan heat generation is added separately, a very small amount of load remains in the calculation, which has a large impact on the energy consumption of the heat source device and the secondary pump. To avoid this, in systems where outside air cooling control is enabled, fan heat generation is ignored for the days when outside air cooling control is effective.
2.6.2 Operating Hours of Secondary Pump Group
The operating hours of a secondary pump group is calculated as the total value of the operating hours of the air handling unit groups to which the secondary pump group supplies chilled and hot water.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(O_{AC,ahu,i,j,d,t}\) |
Operation status of the air handling unit group j connected to the secondary pump group i at date \(d\), time \(t\) |
Boolean value |
2.5.2 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(T_{AC,pump,i,d}\) |
Operating hours of the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.6.4, 2.6.9, 2.6.10 |
\(O_{AC,pump,i,d,t}\) |
Operating status of the secondary pump group i at date \(d\), time \(t\) |
Boolean value |
2.7.3 |
The operating hours of the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) \(T_{AC,pump,i,d}\) is calculated by totalizing the operating status of the secondary pump group i at each time during each day, assuming that the secondary pump group i is operating if at least one air handling unit group that supplies chilled/hot water is operating at each time point.
First, calculate the operating status of the secondary pump group i at date \(d\), time \(t\)\(O_{AC,pump,i,d,t}\). For an air handling unit group to which the secondary pump group i supplies chilled/hot water, if \(O_{AC,ahu,i,j,d,t}\) is True for at least one air handling unit group, then \(O_{AC,pump,i,d,t}\) is True, if \(O_{AC,ahu,i,j,d,t}\) is False for all air handling unit groups, then \(O_{AC,pump,i,d,t}\) is False.
The operating hours of the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) \(T_{AC,pump,i,d}\) is calculated by counting the number of hours for which \(O_{AC,pump,i,d,t}\) is True on each day.
2.6.3 Virtual Rated Capacity of Secondary Pump Group
The rated capacity of a secondary pump group is defined as the design flow rate multiplied by the design temperature difference.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(\Delta \theta_{AC,pump,c,i}\) |
Temperature difference of the secondary pump group i during cooling |
℃ |
Form 2-6: (3) Temperature Difference during Cooling |
\(\Delta \theta_{AC,pump,h,i}\) |
Temperature difference of the secondary pump group i during heating |
℃ |
Form 2-6: (3) Temperature Difference during Heating |
\(V_{AC,pump,i,j,rated}\) |
Rated flow rate of the secondary pump j belonging to the secondary pump group |
m3/ (h・device) |
Form 2-6: (6) Rated Flow Rate |
\(N_{AC,pump,i,j}\) |
Number of the secondary pumps j belonging to the secondary pump group |
Number of devices |
Form 2-6: (5) Number of Devices |
\(Type_{AC,pump,water,i}\) |
Type of water supplied by the secondary pump group |
Chilled/hot water |
2.6 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(q_{AC,pump,i,rated}\) |
Virtual rated capacity of secondary pump group |
kW |
2.6.4, 2.6.5, 2.6.6 |
\(q_{AC,pump,i,j,rated}\) |
Virtual rated capacity of the secondary pump j belonging to the secondary pump group |
kW |
2.6.5, 2.6.6 |
The virtual rated capacity of secondary pump j belonging to the secondary pump group i [kW] is obtained from the rated flow rate and design temperature difference by the following formula.
Here, the design temperature difference \(\Delta \theta_{AC,pump,i}\) [K] is the temperature difference between the supply and return temperatures of the chilled and hot water to be supplied to the secondary-side air conditioning system (design value of the supply and return temperature difference).
Also, \(\rho_{w}\) is the density of water [kg/m3] and \(C_{w}\) is the specific heat of water at constant pressure [kJ/(kg-K)].
The virtual rated capacity of the secondary pump group i is the sum of the virtual rated capacities of the secondary pumps j belonging to the secondary pump group i.
2.6.4 Load Factors of a Secondary Pump Group
Calculate the load factor of the secondary pump group i.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{AC,pump,i,d}\) |
Secondary pump load of secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.6.1 |
\(T_{AC,pump,i,d}\) |
Operating hours of the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.6.2 |
\(q_{AC,pump,i,rated}\) |
Virtual rated capacity of secondary pump group |
kW |
2.6.3 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(L_{AC,pump,i,d}\) |
Load factor of the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.6.5, 2.6.6 |
The load factor of the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) \(L_{AC,pump,i,d}\) is obtained by the following formula.
The function F is defined in the same way as for an air handling unit group as follows.
2.6.5 Number of Secondary Pumps In Operation
Calculate the number of pumps operating in the secondary pump group i. The number of pumps in operation varies depending on the Presence or Absence of control over the number of devices.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(PumpNumCtrl_{AC,pump,i}\) |
Presence or Absence of control over the number of devices in secondary pump group |
Present/Absent |
Form 2-6: (2) Presence or Absence of Control over the Number of Devices |
\(N_{AC,pump,i}\) |
Number of secondary pumps belonging to secondary pump group |
Number of devices |
Form 2-6: (4) Determined from the Order of Operation |
\(q_{AC,pump,i,rated}\) |
Virtual rated capacity of secondary pump group |
kW |
2.6.3 |
\(q_{AC,pump,i,j,rated}\) |
Virtual rated capacity of the secondary pump j belonging to the secondary pump group |
kW |
2.6.3 |
\(L_{AC,pump,i,d}\) |
Load factor of the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.6.4 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(N_{AC,pump,i,d}\) |
Number of operating secondary pumps in the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
Number of devices |
2.6.6, 2.6.8 |
The calculation formula for the number of pumps operating in a secondary pump group differs depending on the Presence or Absence of control over the number of devices. Here, control over the number of devices is defined as a control in which there are two or more secondary pumps in a secondary pump group and the number of operating pumps is automatically adjusted according to the load.
The number of secondary pumps belonging to the secondary pump group i \(N_{AC,pump,i}\) is the x-th lowest number that has been input. (e.g., if 1st-3rd are input, it will be "3").
a) If the load factor is positive ( \(L_{AC,pump,i,d} > 0\)),
a-1) If control over the number of devices is Absent ( \(PumpNumCtrl_{AC,pump,i} = \mbox{no}\) ),
a-2) If control over the number of devices is Present ( \(PumpNumCtrl_{AC,pump,i} = \mbox{Yes}\)),
b) If the load factor is 0 (\(L_{AC,pump,i,d} = 0\)),
The function \(F_{pump,q,i}(n)\) means to totalize the virtual rated capacity up to the n-th secondary pump j belonging to the secondary pump group i. In a-2), the minimum number of operating secondary pumps N that satisfies the load of secondary pump group i on date \(d\) \(q_{AC,pump,i,d}\) is obtained.
2.6.6 Load Factor of Single Secondary Pump
Calculate the load factor of the single secondary pump j belonging to the secondary pump group i.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(PumpNumCtrl_{AC,pump,i}\) |
Presence or Absence of control over the number of devices in secondary pump group |
- |
Form 2-6: (4) Determined from the Order of Operation |
\(PumpCtrlType_{AC,pump,i,j}\) |
Flow rate control method for the secondary pump j belonging to the secondary pump group |
- |
Form 2-6: (8) Flow Rate Control Method |
\(q_{AC,pump,i,rated}\) |
Virtual rated capacity of secondary pump group |
kW |
2.6.3 |
\(q_{AC,pump,i,j,rated}\) |
Virtual rated capacity of the secondary pump j belonging to the secondary pump group |
kW |
2.6.3 |
\(L_{AC,pump,i,d}\) |
Load factor of the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.6.4 |
\(N_{AC,pump,i,d}\) |
Number of operating secondary pumps in the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
Number of devices |
2.6.5 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(L_{AC,pump,i,j,d}\) |
Partial load factor of the secondary pump j belonging to the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.6.7 |
If there is no control over the number of devices, it is calculated as follows:
a) If there is no control over the number of devices,
a-1) If the flow rate control method for all secondary pumps j is "rotational speed control",
a-2) Other than the above,
If there is control over the number of devices, it is calculated as follows.
b) If there is control over the number of devices,
b-1) If the flow rate control method of secondary pump j is "constant flow rate control",
b-2) Other than the above,
where \(C_{i,j}\) is a boolean value that is True if the flow rate control method of the secondary pump j in the secondary pump group i is a "constant flow rate control", and False if it is a "variable flow rate control".
In b-2), \(q_{AC,pump,i,d,CWV}\) is the total amount of heat [kW] handled by the secondary pump j whose flow rate control method is a "constant flow rate control", \(q_{AC,pump,i,d,VWV}\) is the total amount of heat [kW] handled by the secondary pump j whose flow rate control method is a "rotational speed control", and \(N_{AC,pump,i,d,VWV}\) is the number of operating secondary pumps j whose flow rate control method is a "rotational speed control".
2.6.7 Coefficients Determined by Flow Rate Control Method
Calculate the coefficient determined by the flow rate control method.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(L_{AC,pump,i,j,d}\) |
Load factor of the secondary pump j belonging to the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.6.6 |
\(PumpCtrlType_{AC,pump,i,j}\) |
Flow rate control method for the secondary pump j belonging to the secondary pump group |
- |
Form 2-6: (8) Flow Rate Control Method |
\(L_{AC,pump,i,j,min}\) |
Minimum flow rate ratio of the secondary pump j belonging to the secondary pump group |
% |
Form 2-6: (9) Minimum Flow Rate Ratio during a Variable Flow Rate |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(f_{AC,pump,i,j,d}\) |
Coefficient determined by the flow rate control method of the secondary pump j belonging to the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.6.8 |
The minimum flow rate ratio of the secondary pump j in the secondary pump group i \(L_{AC,pump,i,j,min}\) should be \(L_{AC,pump,i,j,min} = 100\) if the flow rate control method of the secondary pump j is a "constant flow rate control".
The coefficient determined by the flow rate control method of the secondary pump group i \(f_{AC,pump,i,j,d}\) is calculated by the following formula.
a) If \(L_{AC,pump,i,j,d}>1.0\),
b) If \(L_{AC,pump,i,j,d}=0\),
c) If \(0 < L_{AC,pump,i,j,d} < \frac{L_{AC,pump,i,j,min}} {100}\),
d) If \(\frac{L_{AC,pump,i,j,min}} {100} \leqq L_{AC,pump,i,j,d} \leqq 1.0\),
where the function \(F_{AC,pump,i,j}(L)\) is a fourth-degree polynomial expressed as the following formula.
The coefficient \(a_{i,j},b_{i.j},c_{i,j},d_{i,j},e_{i,j}\) is the coefficient representing energy consumption characteristic of secondary pump j and is determined by the flow rate control method \(PumpCtrlType_{AC,pump,i,j}\). If \(PumpCtrlType_{AC,pump,i,j}\) is not specified, the control method is assumed to be "constant flow rate control".
Flow rate control method \(PumpCtrlType_{AC,pump,i,j}\) | \(a_{i,j}\) | \(b_{i,j}\) | \(c_{i,j}\) | \(d_{i,j}\) | \(e_{i,j}\) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constant Flow Rate Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
Rotational Speed Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
<Explanation> This energy consumption characteristic value was defined based on the results of a field survey conducted by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) in its 2011 and 2012 Building Standard Improvement Promotion Project, Survey Item 36: "Empirical Evaluation of Energy Saving Effects through Optimal Control of Air Conditioning Systems, etc." Here, the rotational speed control is defined as the control in which the pump rotational speed is automatically adjusted by an inverter or other means. If the rotational speed control is used, the minimum flow rate ratio (ratio to rated flow rate) should be set, and if the load factor falls below this minimum flow rate ratio, the load factor should be the coefficient at the minimum flow rate ratio. The reason for assuming that 1.2 times the rated power consumption is consumed during overload, is the same for the airflow rate control method for air handling unit group.
2.6.8 Power Consumption of Secondary Pump Group
Calculate the power consumption of secondary pumps belonging to the secondary pump group.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(N_{AC,pump,i,d}\) |
Number of operating secondary pumps in secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
Number of devices |
2.6.5 |
\(f_{AC,pump,i,j,d}\) |
Coefficient determined by the flow rate control method of the secondary pump j belonging to the secondary pump group |
- |
2.6.7 |
\(E_{AC,pump,i,j,rated}\) |
Rated power consumption of the secondary pump j belonging to the secondary pump group |
kW/device |
Form 2-6: (7) Rated Power Consumption |
\(N_{AC,pump,i,j}\) |
Number of the secondary pumps j belonging to the secondary pump group |
Number of devices |
Form 2-6: (5) Number of Devices |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(E_{AC,pump,i,d}\) |
Power consumption of the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.6.9, 2.6.10 |
The power consumption of the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) \(E_{AC,pump,i,d}\) is obtained by the following formula.
2.6.9 Heat Generation of Pumps in the Secondary Pump Group
Calculate the heat generation of the pumps in the secondary pump group.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(E_{AC,pump,i,d}\) |
Power consumption of the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.6.8 |
\(T_{AC,pump,i,d}\) |
Operating hours of the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
Hour/day |
2.6.2 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{AC,pump,heat,i,d}\) |
Heat generation of a pump in the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.7.2 |
The heat generation of the secondary pump is calculated by the following formula.
And \(f_{pump,heat}\) is the heat generation ratio of the pump.
2.6.10 Annual Primary Energy Consumption of a Secondary Pump Group
Calculate the annual primary energy consumption of a secondary pump group.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(T_{AC,pump,i,d}\) |
Operating hours of the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.6.2 |
\(E_{AC,pump,i,d}\) |
Power consumption of the secondary pump group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.6.8 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(E_{AC,pump,i}\) |
Annual primary energy consumption of the secondary pump group |
MJ/year |
2.8 |
The annual primary energy consumption of a secondary pump group \(E_{AC,pump,i}\) is calculated by the following formula.
And \(f_{prim,e}\) is the coefficient that converts one kilowatt-hour of electricity into thermal energy.
2.7 Primary Energy Consumption of Heat Source Group
The heat source group specification is input into Form 2-5 "Heat Source Input Sheet", wherein the heat source group i should be specified as follows, depending on presence or absence of the input in Form 2-5: (10) Rated Cooling Capacity and Form 2-5: (10) Rated Heating Capacity.
1) If values are entered only into Form 2-5: (10) Rated Cooling Capacity, and Form 2-5: (10) Rated Heating Capacity is blank,
the operation mode of the relevant heat source group i is assumed to be "cooling source". The name of heat source group i is the same as the character string entered in Form 2-5: (1) Heat Source Group Name, and its performance is the value entered in the "Cooling source" field of Form 2-5.
2) If Form 2-5: (10) Rated Cooling Capacity is blank and values are entered only into Form 2-5: (10) Rated Heating Capacity,
the operation mode of the heat source group i in question is assumed to be "heating source". The name of the heat source group i is the same as the character string entered in Form 2-5: (1) Heat Source Group Name, and its performance is the value entered in the "Heating source" field of Form 2-5.
3) If values are entered both for Form 2-5: (10) Rated Cooling Capacity and Form 2-5: (10) Rated Heating Capacity,
there are two generated heat source groups: one heat source group whose performance is the value entered in the "Cooling source" field of Form 2-5 and the operation mode is "cooling source", and another heat source group whose performance is the value entered in the "Heating source" field of Form 2-5 and the operation mode is "heating source".
The name of these heat source groups should be the same as the string entered in Form 2-5: (1) Heat Source Group Name (i.e., there are two heat source groups with different operating modes).
In other words, in the above case 3), even if there is physically only one heat source device, the calculation is based on the assumption that there are separate cooling sources producing chilled water, and heating sources producing heating water.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{AC,ref,c,i,rated}\) |
Rated cooling capacity of the heat source group |
kW/device |
Form 2-5: (10) Rated Cooling Capacity |
\(Q_{AC,ref,h,i,rated}\) |
Rated heating capacity of the heat source group |
kW/device |
Form 2-5: (10) Rated Heating Capacity |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(CtrlMode_{AC,ref,i}\) |
Operation mode of the heat source group |
cooling/heating source |
2.7.2, 2.7.4 |
a) If the rated cooling capacity is positive and there is no rated heating capacity (not entered),
( \(Q_{AC,ref,c,i,rated} > 0 \land Q_{AC,ref,h,i,rated} \mbox{ is nothing}\) )
b) If there is no rated cooling capacity (not entered) and the rated heating capacity is positive,
( \(Q_{AC,ref,c,i,rated} \mbox{ is nothing} \land Q_{AC,ref,h,i,rated} > 0\) )
c) If the rated cooling capacity is positive and the rated heating capacity is positive,
( \(Q_{AC,ref,c,i,rated} > 0 \land Q_{AC,ref,h,i,rated} > 0\) )
Perform the calculation twice, assuming that one heat source group i has two virtual heat sources.
d) In other cases,
It is an error.
2.7.1 Heat Loss in Thermal Storage Tank
Calculate the increase in heat load due to heat loss in thermal storage tank.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{AC,ref,ts,i,cap}\) |
Thermal storage tank capacity of heat source group |
MJ |
Form 2-5: (5) Thermal Storage Capacity |
\(StorageType_{i}\) |
Operation mode of the thermal storage system of the heat source group i (water thermal storage (mixed type), water thermal storage (stratified type), ice thermal storage, additional storage, none) |
- |
Form 2-5: (4) Operation Mode |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{AC,ref,ts,i,d}\) |
Heat loss from thermal storage tank in the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.7.2 |
\(ThrmlStrg_{AC,ref,ts,i}\) |
Presence or Absence of thermal storage tank in the heat source group |
Present ・ additional/Present ・thermal storage/None |
2.7.2, 2.7.4.1, 2.7.15 |
First, the presence or absence of a thermal storage tank \(ThrmlStrg_{AC,ref,ts,i}\) is calculated by the following formula.
The heat loss from the thermal storage tank of the heat source group i on date \(d\) \(Q_{AC,ref,ts,i,d}\) is calculated by the following formula.
And \(f_{ref,ts,loss}\) is the heat loss coefficient of the thermal storage tank.
a) If there is a thermal storage tank ( \(ThrmlStrg_{AC,ref,ts,i} = \mbox{Yes,heat storage}\) ),
b) If there is no thermal storage tank ( \(ThrmlStrg_{AC,ref,ts,i} = \mbox{No} \mbox{Yes, follow-up}\) ),
2.7.2 Heat Source Load
The heat source load handled by each heat source group is calculated by totalizing the pump load of the secondary pump group to which the heat source group supplies chilled and hot water. And then add pump heat generation, and additionally, for systems with thermal storage tank, add heat loss of thermal storage tank. For a heat source device, similar to pumps, calculations are performed assuming that there are separate cooling source systems supplying chilled water and heating source systems supplying hot water.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{AC,ref,ts,i,cap}\) |
Thermal storage tank capacity of heat source group |
MJ |
Form 2-5: (5) Thermal Storage Capacity |
\(ThrmlStrg_{AC,ref,ts,i}\) |
Presence or Absence of thermal storage tank in the heat source group |
Present ・ additional/Present ・thermal storage/None |
2.7.1 |
\(StorageType_{i}\) |
Operation mode of the thermal storage system of the heat source group i (water thermal storage (mixed type), water thermal storage (stratified type), ice thermal storage, additional storage, none) |
- |
Form 2-5: (4) Operation Mode |
\(Q_{AC,pump,j,d}\) |
Secondary pump load of secondary pump group j on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.6.1 |
\(Q_{AC,pump,heat,j,d}\) |
Heat generation of pump in secondary pump group j on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.6.9 |
\(Q_{AC,ref,ts,i,d}\) |
Heat loss from thermal storage tank in the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.7.1 |
\(CtrlMode_{AC,ref,i}\) |
Operation mode of the heat source group |
cooling/heating source |
2.7 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(Q_{AC,ref,i,d}\) |
Heat load of heat source group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.7.4.4, 2.7.7, 2.7.15 |
First, calculate \(Q_{AC,ref,base,i,d}\) defined by the following formula. \(\sum_ {j}\) represents that each heat source group is to be totalized for the secondary pump group j that supplies chilled or hot water.
a) For cooling source system ( \(CtrlMode_{AC,ref,i} = \mbox{cooling source}\)),
However, if \(Q_{AC,pump,j,d}=0\), then \(Q_{AC,pump,heat,j,d}=0\).
b) For heating source system ( \(CtrlMode_{AC,ref,i} = \mbox{heat source}\)),
However, it is only for the secondary pump group j satisfying \(Q_{AC,pump,j,d}>Q_{AC,pump,heat,j,d}\).
Next, the heat source load is calculated by taking into account the heat dissipation from the thermal storage tank. However, the heat load for heat storage should not exceed the total heat storage capacity multiplied by the total heat storage efficiency.
a) If the heat is stored ( \(ThrmlStrg_{AC,ref,ts,i} = \mbox{Present・thermal storage}\)) and \(Q_{AC,ref,base,i,d} \neq 0\)),
b) Other than above,
where \(f_{ref,ts,eff}\) is the thermal storage tank efficiency, which is determined by the thermal storage tank type. The thermal storage tank type is determined by the operating mode of the thermal storage system \(StorageType_{i}\).
Thermal storage tank type | Thermal storage tank efficiency |
---|---|
Water thermal storage (mixed type) |
0.8 |
Water thermal storage (stratified) |
0.9 |
Ice thermal storage |
1.0 |
2.7.3 Operating Hours of Heat Source Group
The operating hours of a heat source group are calculated as the total value of the operating hours of the secondary pump groups that convey the chilled and hot water generated by the relevant heat source group.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(O_{AC,pump,j,d,t}\) |
Operating status of the secondary pump group j at date \(d\), time \(t\) |
Boolean value |
2.6.2 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(T_{AC,ref,base,i,d}\) |
Standard operating hours of the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.7.6, 2.7.7, 2.7.15 |
The standard operating hours of the heat source group i on date \(d\) \(T_{AC,ref,base,i,d}\) is calculated by totalizing the operating status of the heat source group i at each time on each day, assuming that the heat source group i is operating if at least one secondary pump group for conveying chilled and hot water generated by the heat source group i is operating at each time point. The subscript j indicates that the total value is obtained for the secondary pump group to which each heat source group is connected.
First, obtain the operating status of the heat source device group i at date \(d\), time \(t\)\(O_{AC,ref,i,d,t}\). For a secondary pump group to which the heat source group i supplies chilled and hot water, if \(O_{AC,pump,i,d,t}\) is True for any one secondary pump group, then \(O_{AC,ref,i,d,t}\) is True; if \(O_{AC,pump,i,d,t}\) is False for all secondary pump groups, then \(O_{AC,ref,i,d,t}\) is False.
The standard operating hours of the heat source group i \(T_{AC,ref,base,i,d} \) is calculated by the following formula.
2.7.4 Temperature of Heat Source Water, etc.
Calculate the temperature of the heat source water, etc. (e.g., cooling water temperature for water-cooled systems, outside air temperature for air-cooled systems) to estimate the performance of the heat source device.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(RefType_{i,j}\) |
Heat source device model of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
- |
Form 2-5: (6) Heat Source Device Model |
\(CtrlMode_{AC,ref,i}\) |
Operation mode of the heat source group |
cooling/heating source |
2.7 |
\(\theta_{AC,oa,i,j,d}\) |
Average outside air temperature during operating time zone of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.7.4.1 |
\(\theta_{AC,wb,i,j,d}\) |
Wet-bulb temperature of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.7.4.2 |
\(\theta_{AC,cw,i,j,d}\) |
Cooling water temperature of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.7.4.3 |
\(\theta_{AC,w,c,i,j,d}\) |
Daily average heat source water temperature from the geothermal heat exchanger during cooling operation of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.7.4.4 |
\(\theta_{AC,w,h,i,j,d}\) |
Daily average heat source water temperature from the geothermal heat exchanger during heating operation of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.7.4.4 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(\theta_{AC,ref,base,i,j,d}\) |
Temperature of the heat source water, etc. of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.7.8, 2.7.11 |
The temperature of the heat source water, etc. of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) \(\theta_{AC,ref,base,i,j,d}\) is calculated by the following formula.
The cooling mode of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i \(CoolingType_{i,j}\) is specified for each heat source device model \(RefType_{i,j}\). However, for geothermal systems, heat source device models that fall under geothermal types 1 through 5 should be considered as "closed loop", and heat source device models that fall under geothermal types A through G should be considered as "open loop".
a) If \(CoolingType_{i,j}\) is water-cooled,
b) If \(CoolingType_{i,j}\) is air-cooled,
c) If \(CoolingType_{i,j}\) is geothermal (closed loop),
d) If \(CoolingType_{i,j}\) is geothermal (open loop),
e) Other than the above,
If the monthly heat source water temperature is evaluated under the optional evaluation system, it should be possible to read in the optional heat source water temperature and perform the calculation. In this case, the heat source water temperature \(\theta_{AC,ref,base,i,j,d}\) is determined according to what month the date \(d\) belongs to. The number of days in each month should be as follows.
January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
31 |
28 |
31 |
30 |
31 |
30 |
31 |
31 |
30 |
31 |
30 |
31 |
2.7.4.1 Daily Average Outside Air Temperature
Calculate the daily average outside air temperature for calculating the energy consumption of heat source device.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(\theta_{AC,oa,d}\) |
Daily average outside air temperature on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.2.3 |
\(CtrlMode_{AC,ref,i}\) |
Operation mode of the heat source group |
cooling/heating source |
2.7 |
\(ThrmlStrg_{AC,ref,ts,i}\) |
Presence or Absence of thermal storage tank in the heat source group |
Present/Absent |
2.7.1 |
\(ClimateZone\) |
Climate zone of the location of the building subject to evaluation |
- |
Form 0: (5) Regional Categories in Buildling Energy Codes |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(\theta_{AC,oa,i,j,d}\) |
Average outside air temperature during operating time zone of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.7.4.2, 2.7.4 |
The daily average outside air temperature is calculated by the following formula.
However, if the heat source group includes thermal storage tank, the heat source device is assumed to operate at night, and the daily average outside air temperature minus 5°C is used as the average outside air temperature during operating time zone.
where the function \({\rm F}(T_{o})\) is defined by the following formula.
However, the following upper and lower limits should be set for \(\theta_{AC,oa,d}\) by region and cooling/heating source. If the upper limit is exceeded, the value should be the upper limit; if the value is below the lower limit, the value should be the lower limit.
Climate zone \(ClimateZone\) | Lower limit of heating source | Upper limit of heating source | Lower limit of cooling source | Upper limit of cooling source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Region 1 |
-15 |
15 |
0 |
30 |
Region 2 |
-15 |
15 |
0 |
30 |
Region 3 |
-10 |
20 |
5 |
35 |
Region 4 |
-10 |
20 |
5 |
35 |
Region 5 |
-10 |
20 |
5 |
35 |
Region 6 |
-10 |
20 |
5 |
35 |
Region 7 |
-10 |
20 |
5 |
35 |
Region 8 |
5 |
35 |
5 |
35 |
2.7.4.2 Wet-Bulb Temperature
Calculate wet-bulb temperature from the average outside air temperature during operation.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(ClimateZone\) |
Climate zone of the location of the building subject to evaluation |
- |
Form 0: (5) Regional Categories in Buildling Energy Codes |
\(\theta_{AC,oa,i,j,d}\) |
Average outside air temperature during operating time zone of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.7.4.1 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(\theta_{AC,wb,i,j,d}\) |
Wet-bulb temperature of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.7.4, 2.7.4.3 |
\(a_{wb},b_{wb}\) is the wet-bulb temperature conversion coefficient and the values are shown in the following table.
Climate zone \(ClimateZone\) | \(a_{wb}\) | \(b_{wb}\) |
---|---|---|
1,2 |
0.8921 |
-1.0759 |
3,4,5,6,7 |
0.9034 |
-1.4545 |
8 |
1.0372 |
-3.9758 |
2.7.4.3 Cooling Water Temperature
Calculate the cooling water temperature from the wet-bulb temperature.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(\theta_{AC,wb,i,j,d}\) |
Wet-bulb temperature of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.7.4.2 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(\theta_{AC,cw,i,j,d}\) |
Cooling water temperature of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.7.4 |
Convert wet-bulb temperature to cooling water temperature using the following formula. \(a_{cw}\) is the cooling water temperature conversion coefficient and is set to +3.0.
2.7.4.4 Heat Source Water Temperature from Geothermal Heat Exchanger (closed loop)
Calculate the cooling water return temperature from the ground based on the type of geothermal heat exchanger.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(GroundHEType_{i,j}\) |
Type of geothermal heat exchanger (1-5) of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
- |
Form 2-5: (6) Heat Source Device Model |
\(Q_{AC,ref,i,d}\) |
Heat load of heat source group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.7.2 |
\(\theta_{AC,oa,d}\) |
Daily average outside air temperature on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.2.3 |
\(\theta_{AC,oa,ave}\) |
Annual average outside air temperature |
℃ |
2.2.3 |
\(\theta_{AC,oa,c,ave}\) |
Average outside air temperature during cooling |
℃ |
2.2.3 |
\(\theta_{AC,oa,h,ave}\) |
Average outside air temperature during heating |
℃ |
2.2.3 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit |
---|---|---|
\(\theta'_{wc,h,i,d}\) |
Difference between the period average heat source water temperature during the heating season and the annual average outside air temperature |
℃ |
\(\theta'_{wc,c,i,d}\) |
Difference between the period average heat source water temperature during the cooling season and the annual average outside air temperature |
℃ |
\(k_{h,i,d}\) |
Coefficient |
- |
\(k_{c,i,d}\) |
Coefficient |
- |
\(R_{Q,i,d}\) |
Ratio of the annual maximum daily integrated heating load to the annual maximum daily integrated cooling load |
- |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(\theta_{AC,wc,c,i,j,d}\) |
Daily average heat source water temperature from the geothermal heat exchanger during cooling operation of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.7.4 |
\(\theta_{AC,wc,h,i,j,d}\) |
Daily average heat source water temperature from the geothermal heat exchanger during heating operation of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.7.4 |
Calculate the cooling water return temperature from the ground \(\theta_{AC,w,c,i,d}\) and \(\theta_{AC,w,h,i,d}\) based on the type of geothermal heat exchanger. Here, the coefficients \(a_{h,i,j},b_{h,i,j},c_{h,i,j},d_{h,i,j},a_{c,i,j},b_{c,i,j},c_{c,i,j},d_{c,i,j}\) are determined by the type (1-5) of geothermal heat exchanger of the heat source device j in the heat source group i according to the table below.
Type | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
\(a_{h,i,j}\) |
8.0278 |
13.0253 |
16.7424 |
19.3145 |
21.2833 |
\(b_{h,i,j}\) |
-1.1462 |
-1.8689 |
-2.4651 |
-3.091 |
-3.8325 |
\(c_{h,i,j}\) |
-0.1128 |
-0.1846 |
-0.2643 |
-0.2926 |
-0.3474 |
\(d_{h,i,j}\) |
0.1256 |
0.2023 |
0.2623 |
0.3085 |
0.3629 |
\(a_{c,i,j}\) |
8.0633 |
12.6226 |
16.1703 |
19.6565 |
21.8702 |
\(b_{c,i,j}\) |
2.9083 |
4.7711 |
6.3128 |
7.8071 |
9.148 |
\(c_{c,i,j}\) |
0.0613 |
0.0568 |
0.1027 |
0.1984 |
0.249 |
\(d_{c,i,j}\) |
0.2178 |
0.3509 |
0.4697 |
0.5903 |
0.7154 |
\(\theta_{AC,oa,ave}\) is the annual average outside air temperature [°C], \(\theta_{AC,oa,c,ave}\) is the average outside air temperature during the cooling season [°C], and \(\theta_{AC,oa,h,ave}\) is the average outside air temperature during the heating season [°C]. These temperatures are determined as follows according to climate zones.
Regional Category | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\(\theta_{AC,oa,ave}\) |
5.8 |
7.5 |
10.2 |
11.6 |
13.3 |
15.7 |
17.4 |
22.7 |
\(\theta_{AC,oa,c,ave}\) |
16.8 |
17 |
18.9 |
19.6 |
20.5 |
22.4 |
22.1 |
24.6 |
\(\theta_{AC,oa,h,ave}\) |
-3 |
-0.8 |
0 |
1.1 |
3.6 |
6 |
9.3 |
17.5 |
\(R_{Q,i,j,d}\) is calculated by the following formula.
where \(Q_{AC,ref,h,i,d}^{MAX}\) is the annual maximum daily integrated heating generation of the heat source group i and \(Q_{AC,ref,c,i,d}^{MAX}\) is the annual maximum daily integrated cooling load of the heat source group i. Specifically, these are calculated as follows.
1) If the heat source group i is a "cooling source" and there exists a heat source group k that is a "heating source" with the same heat source group name,
2) If the heat source group i is a "cooling source" and there exists no heat source group that is a "heating source" with the same heat source group name,
3) If the heat source group i is a "heating source" and there exists a heat source group k that is a "cooling source" with the same heat source group name,
4) If the heat source group i is a "heating source" and there exists no heat source group that is a "cooling source" with the same heat source group name,
2.7.4.5 Heat Source Water Temperature from Geothermal Heat Exchanger (Open Loop)
Calculate the cooling water return temperature from the ground based on the type of geothermal heat exchanger (open loop).
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(ClimateZone\) |
Climate zone of the location of the building subject to evaluation |
- |
Form 0: (5) Regional Categories in Buildling Energy Codes |
\(GroundHEType_{i,j}\) |
Type of geothermal heat exchanger (A-F) of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
- |
Form 2-5: (6) Heat Source Device Model |
Variable Name | Description | Unit |
---|---|---|
\(\theta'_{wo,c}\) |
Well water tank temperature correction value to be applied during cooling operation for Types C and F (types that returns heat source water to the well water tank after heat exchange) |
℃ |
\(\theta'_{wo,h}\) |
Well tank temperature correction value to be applied during heating operation for Types C and F (type that returns heat source water to the well tank after heat exchange) |
℃ |
\(\theta'_{hex,c}\) |
Heat exchanger temperature correction value to be applied during cooling operation for types D, E, and F (types in which heat is exchanged by the heat exchanger) |
℃ |
\(\theta'_{hex,h}\) |
Heat exchanger temperature correction value to be applied during heating operation for types D, E, and F (types in which heat is exchanged by the heat exchanger) |
℃ |
\(\theta_{AC,wo,ave}\) |
Average annual outside air temperatures applied to the calculation of well pumping temperature for geothermal heat exchangers (open loop) |
℃ |
\(\theta_{wo,m}\) |
Monthly well pumping temperature |
℃ |
\(\theta'_{AC,wo,m}\) |
Monthly groundwater temperature correction value |
℃ |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(\theta_{AC,wo,c,i,j,m}\) |
Daily average temperature of the heat source water from the geothermal heat exchanger (open loop) during cooling operation of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i in month |
|
2.7.4 |
\(\theta_{AC,wo,h,i,j,m}\) |
Daily average temperature of the heat source water from the geothermal heat exchanger (open loop) during heating operation of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i in month |
|
2.7.4 |
The monthly cooling water return temperature from the ground \(\theta_{AC,wo,c,i,j,m}\) and \(\theta_{AC,wo,h,i,j,m}\) are calculated by the following formula based on the type of geothermal heat exchanger (A to F). Note that Types A and B and Types D and E have the same cooling water return temperature.
Here, the well water tank temperature correction value \(\theta' _{wo,c}\), \(\theta'_ {wo,h}\) and the heat exchanger temperature correction value \(\theta' _{hex,c}\), \(\theta'_ {hex,h}\) should be determined by the table below according to the type of geothermal heat exchanger (A to F) of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i.
Type | A | B | C | D | E | F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\(\theta'_{wo,c}\) |
0 |
0 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
\(\theta'_{wo,h}\) |
0 |
0 |
-4 |
0 |
0 |
-4 |
\(\theta'_{hex,c}\) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
\(\theta'_{hex,h}\) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-2 |
-2 |
-2 |
The monthly well pumping temperature \(\theta_{wo,m}\) is calculated by the following formula. Here, the annual average outside air temperature \(\theta_{AC,wo,ave}\) and the monthly groundwater temperature correction value \(\theta'_{AC,wo,m}\) are determined by the climate zone as follows.
Regional Category | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\(\theta_{AC,wo,ave}\) |
5.8 |
7.5 |
10.2 |
11.6 |
13.3 |
15.7 |
17.4 |
22.7 |
|
\(\theta'_{AC,wo,m}\) |
January |
4 |
1.9 |
1.3 |
0.6 |
0.1 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
0 |
February |
3.9 |
1.8 |
1 |
0.2 |
-0.3 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
0 |
|
March |
4.2 |
2 |
1.4 |
0.8 |
0.4 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
0 |
|
April |
4.6 |
2.3 |
1.9 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
|
May |
4.9 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
0 |
|
June |
5.1 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
0 |
|
July |
5.2 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
2.1 |
3.1 |
3 |
0 |
|
August |
5.4 |
2.7 |
3 |
3.3 |
2.2 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
0 |
|
September |
5 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
1.8 |
2.9 |
3 |
0 |
|
October |
4.7 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
1.4 |
2.4 |
2.6 |
0 |
|
November |
4.3 |
2.1 |
1.8 |
1.5 |
1 |
1.9 |
2.3 |
0 |
|
December |
4.2 |
2 |
1.5 |
1.1 |
0.6 |
1.7 |
2 |
0 |
2.7.5 Rated Capacity of Heat Source Group
Calculate the rated capacity of a heat source group.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(N_{AC,ref,i,j}\) |
Number of the heat source devices j belonging to the heat source group |
Number of devices |
Form 2-5: (8) Number of Devices |
\(q_{AC,ref,i,j,rated}\) |
Rated capacity of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
kW/device |
Form 2-5: (10) Rated Cooling/Heating Capacity |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(q_{AC,ref,i,rated}\) |
Rated capacity of the heat source group |
kW |
2.7.6 |
The rated capacity of the heat source group i \(q_{AC,ref,i,rated}\) is the sum of the rated capacity of the heat source devices j belonging to the heat source group i.
2.7.6 Corrected Rated Capacity Taking Into Account Heat Release From Thermal Storage Tank
Calculate the corrected rated capacity taking into account the heat dissipation from the thermal storage tank.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(StorageType_{i}\) |
Operation mode of the thermal storage system of the heat source group i (water thermal storage (mixed type), water thermal storage (stratified type), ice thermal storage, additional storage, none) |
- |
Form 2-5: (4) Thermal Storage System Operation Mode |
\(RefType_{i,j}\) |
Heat source device model of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
- |
Form 2-5: (6) Heat Source Device Model |
\(N_{AC,ref,i,j}\) |
Number of the heat source devices j belonging to the heat source group |
Number of devices |
Form 2-5: (8) Number of Devices |
\(q_{AC,ref,i,j,rated}\) |
Rated capacity of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
kW/device |
Form 2-5: (10) Rated Cooling/Heating Capacity |
\(q_{AC,ref,i,rated}\) |
Rated capacity of the heat source group |
kW |
2.7.5 |
\(T_{AC,ref,base,i,d}\) |
Standard operating hours of the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.7.3 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(q'_{AC,ref,i,j,rated}\) |
Corrected rated capacity of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
kW |
2.7.8 |
\(q'_{AC,ref,i,rated}\) |
Corrected rated capacity of the heat source group |
kW |
2.7.7, 2.7.9, 2.7.12 |
First, if the heat source group includes a thermal storage tank and the first heat source device to operate in additional operation is a "heat exchanger", the apparent heat source handling capacity (corrected rated capacity) is calculated assuming the additional operation hours is 8 hours. The \(\max_{d}(T_{AC,ref,base,i,d})\) in the formula means that for each day’s operating hours, the maximum operating hours of the day is used.
a) If \(StorageType_{i} = \mbox{additional}\) and \(RefType_{i,1} = \mbox{heat exchanger}\),
b) In cases other than a),
2.7.7 Load Factor Ranges for Heat Source Group
Calculate the load factor of a heat source group.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(ThrmlStrg_{AC,ref,ts,i}\) |
Presence or Absence of thermal storage tank in the heat source group |
Present ・ additional/Present ・thermal storage/None |
2.7.1 |
\(Q_{AC,ref,i,d}\) |
Heat load of heat source group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.7.2 |
\(T_{AC,ref,base,i,d}\) |
Standard operating hours of the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.7.3 |
\(q'_{AC,ref,i,rated}\) |
Corrected rated capacity of the heat source group |
kW |
2.7.6 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(L_{AC,ref,i,d}\) |
Load factor range for the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.7.9, 2.7.12, 2.7.16 |
The load factor range for the heat source group i on date \(d\) \(L_{AC,ref,i,d}\) is calculated by the following formula. The load factor range of a heat source group that has a thermal storage tank and perform thermal storage operation should always be 1.0.
a) If \(ThrmlStrg_{AC,ref,ts,i}\) is \(\mbox{Present ・thermal storage}\),
b) Other than the above,
The function F is defined in the same way as for an air handling unit group and a secondary pump group as follows.
2.7.8 Maximum Capacity
Calculate the maximum capacity of a heat source device using the maximum capacity characteristics.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(q'_{AC,ref,i,j,rated}\) |
Corrected rated capacity of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
kW |
2.7.6 |
\(\theta_{AC,ref,base,i,j,d}\) |
Temperature of the heat source water, etc. of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.7.4 |
\(a_{ref,q,i,j},b_{ref,q,i,j},c_{ref,q,i,j},d_{ref,q,i,j},e_{ref,q,i,j}\) |
Coefficient of maximum capacity characteristic of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
- |
A.4 |
\(\theta_{ref,q,i,j,min},\theta_{ref,q,i,j,max}\) |
Minimum and maximum temperatures of maximum capacity characteristic of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
℃ |
A.4 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(q_{AC,ref,i,j,max,d}\) |
Maximum capacity of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.9, 2.7.15, 2.7.12 |
The maximum capacity of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) \(q_{AC,ref,i,j,max,d}\) is calculated by the following formula.
where the function \({\rm F_{ref,q,i,j}}\) is defined by the following formula.
2.7.9 Number of Operating Heat Source Devices
Calculate the number of operating heat sources in the heat source group.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(RefNumCtrl_{AC,ref,i}\) |
Presence or Absence of control over the number of devices in the heat source group |
Present/Absent |
Form 2-5: (iii) Presence or Absence of Control over the Number of Devices |
\(N_{AC,ref,i}\) |
Total number of the heat source devices j belonging to the heat source group |
Number of devices |
Form 2-5: (6) Number of Input Lines for a Heat Source Device Model |
\(q_{AC,ref,i,j,max,d}\) |
Maximum capacity of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.8 |
\(q'_{AC,ref,i,rated}\) |
Corrected rated capacity of the heat source group |
kW |
2.7.6 |
\(L_{AC,ref,i,d}\) |
Load factor range for the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.7.7 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(N_{AC,ref,i,d}\) |
Number of heat source devices belonging to the heat source group i in operation on date \(d\) |
Number of devices |
2.7.12, 2.7.15, 2.7.17 |
The number of heat sources operating in a heat source group is calculated by the following method a) or b), depending on whether the Presence or Absence of control over the number of devices is introduced.
a) If control over the number of devices is introduced ( \(RefNumCtrl_{AC,ref,i} = \mbox{Yes}\)),
b) If control over the number of devices is not introduced ( \(RefNumCtrl_{AC,ref,i} = \mbox{no}\)),
2.7.10 Rated Primary Energy Consumption of a Heat Source Device
Calculate the rated primary energy of a heat source device.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(RefType_{i,j}\) |
Heat source device model of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
- |
Form 2-5: (6) Heat Source Device Model |
\(N_{AC,ref,i,j}\) |
Number of the heat source devices j belonging to the heat source group |
Number of devices |
Form 2-5: (8) Number of Devices |
\(q_{AC,ref,i,j,rated}\) |
Rated capacity of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
kW/device |
Form 2-5: (10) Rated Cooling/Heating Capacity |
\(P_{AC,ref,main,i,j}\) |
Main module energy consumption of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
kW/device |
Form 2-5: (11) Main Nodule Rated Energy Consumption |
\(K_{prime,ex,c}\) |
Converted primary energy value for heat supplied by others (cooling) |
- |
Form 0: (12) Converted Primary Energy Value (Cooling) |
\(K_{prime,ex,h}\) |
Converted primary energy value for heat supplied by others (heating) |
- |
Form 0: (13) Converted Primary Energy Value (Heating) |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(P_{AC,ref,i,j,rated}\) |
Rated primary energy consumption of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
kW |
2.7.11 |
Calculate the rated primary energy consumption of a heat source device. If the energy source of a heat source device is "electricity", multiply it by the primary energy conversion coefficient for electricity. If the energy source of a heat source device is "heat supplied by others", multiply it by the converted primary energy value for the heat supplied by others. In other cases, the converted primary energy value is input and no action is necessary. The fuel type \(FuelType_{i,j}\) is defined in the following file for each heat source device model \(RefType_{i,j}\).
-
List of heat source device models: REFLIST_H28.csv
a) \(FuelType_{i,j} = \mbox{electricity}\) (if energy source is electricity),
b) \(FuelType_{i,j} \in \{\mbox{chilled water}\}\) (when heat is supplied by others),
c) \(FuelType_{i,j} \in \{\mbox{steam, hot water}\}\) (when heat is supplied by others),
d) Other than a) b) c),
2.7.11 Maximum Input
Calculate the maximum input of a heat source device using the maximum input characteristic.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(P_{AC,ref,i,j,rated}\) |
Rated primary energy consumption of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
kW |
2.7.10 |
\(\theta_{AC,ref,base,i,j,d}\) |
Temperature of the heat source water, etc. of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
℃ |
2.7.4 |
\(a_{ref,p,i,j},b_{ref,p,i,j},c_{ref,p,i,j},d_{ref,p,i,j},e_{ref,p,i,j}\) |
Coefficient of maximum input characteristic of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
- |
A.4 |
\(\theta_{ref,p,i,j,min},\theta_{ref,p,i,j,max}\) |
Minimum and maximum temperatures of the maximum input characteristic of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
℃ |
A.4 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(P_{AC,ref,i,j,max,d}\) |
Maximum input of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) (converted primary energy value) |
kW |
2.7.16 |
The maximum input of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) \(P_{AC,ref,i,j,max,d}\) is calculated by the following formula.
where the function \({\rm F_{ref,p,i,j}}\) is defined by the following formula.
2.7.12 Operating Load Factor of a Heat Source Group
Calculate the operating load factor of a heat source group.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(StorageType_{i}\) |
Operation mode of the thermal storage system of the heat source group i (water thermal storage (mixed type), water thermal storage (stratified type), ice thermal storage, additional storage, none) |
- |
Form 2-5: (4) Thermal Storage System Operation Mode |
\(q'_{AC,ref,i,rated}\) |
Corrected rated capacity of the heat source group |
kW |
2.7.6 |
\(L_{AC,ref,i,d}\) |
Load factor range for the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.7.7 |
\(N_{AC,ref,i,d}\) |
Number of heat source devices belonging to the heat source group i in operation on date \(d\) |
Number of devices |
2.7.9 |
\(q_{AC,ref,i,j,max,d}\) |
Maximum capacity of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.8 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(xL_{AC,ref,i,d}\) |
Partial load factor of a heat source device in the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.7.13, 2.7.15, 2.7.16 |
\(q_{AC,ref,i,max,d}\) |
Maximum capacity of the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.15 |
First, the maximum capacity of the heat source group i on date \(d\) \(q_{AC,ref,i,max,d}\) is calculated by the following formula.
The load factor of the heat source group i on date \(d\) \(xL_{AC,ref,i,d}\) is calculated by the following formula. The load factor of a heat source group that has a thermal storage tank and performs thermal storage operation should always be 1.0.
a) If the operation mode is "water thermal storage (mixed type)", "water thermal storage (stratified type)", or "ice thermal storage",
(\(StrageType_{i} \in \{ \mbox{water thermal storage (mixed type)},\mbox{water thermal storage (stratified type)},\mbox{ice thermal storage} \}\))
b) Other than the above,
2.7.13 Partial Load Characteristic
Calculate the partial load characteristic of heat source device.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(xL_{AC,ref,i,d}\) |
Partial load factor of a heat source device in the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.7.12 |
\(a_{ref,x,i,j},b_{ref,x,i,j},c_{ref,x,i,j},d_{ref,x,i,j},e_{ref,x,i,j}\) |
Coefficient of partial load characteristic of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
- |
A.4 |
\(L_{ref,x,i,j,min},L_{ref,x,i,j,max}\) |
Minimum and maximum load factor of partial load characteristic of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
- |
A.4 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(f_{AC,ref,x,i,j,d}\) |
Partial load characteristic of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.7.16 |
The partial load characteristic (the relationship between load factor and input ratio) is obtained by the following formula.
where the function \({\rm F_{ref,x,i,j}}\) is defined by the following formula. If the coefficient of the partial load characteristic varies depending on the partial load factor or cooling water temperature, an appropriate coefficient should be selected to match the conditions.
2.7.14 Water Supply Temperature Characteristics
Calculate the water supply temperature characteristics of a heat source device.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(\theta_{AC,ref,i,j,wtr}\) |
Water supply temperature of the heat source device j in the heat source group |
℃ |
Form 2-5: (9) Water Supply Temperature |
\(a_{ref,t,i,j},b_{ref,t,i,j},c_{ref,t,i,j},d_{ref,t,i,j},e_{ref,t,i,j}\) |
Coefficient of water supply temperature characteristic of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
- |
A.4 |
\(\theta_{ref,t,i,j,min},\theta_{ref,t,i,j,max}\) |
Minimum and maximum temperatures of the water supply temperature characteristics of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
℃ |
A.4 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(f_{AC,ref,t,i,j,d}\) |
Water supply temperature characteristic of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.7.16 |
The water supply temperature characteristic is obtained as a function of water supply temperature \(\theta_{i,j,d}\) by the following formula.
where the function \({\rm F_{ref,t,i,j}}\) is defined by the following formula.
2.7.15 Correction of Operating Hours Considering a Heat Storage System
Correct the operating hours of heat source group according to the presence or absence of a thermal storage tank. The operating hours before correction should be referred to as "standard operating hours" and the operating hours after correction should be referred to as "operating hours".
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(StorageType_{i}\) |
Operation mode of the thermal storage system of the heat source group i (water thermal storage (mixed type), water thermal storage (stratified type), ice thermal storage, additional storage, none) |
- |
Form 2-5: (4) Thermal Storage System Operation Mode |
\(ThrmlStrg_{AC,ref,ts,i}\) |
Presence or Absence of thermal storage tank in the heat source group |
Present/Absent |
2.7.1 |
\(T_{AC,ref,base,i,d}\) |
Standard operating hours of the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.7.3 |
\(Q_{AC,ref,i,d}\) |
Heat load of heat source group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/d |
2.7.2 |
\(q_{AC,ref,i,j,max,d}\) |
Maximum capacity of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.8 |
\(N_{AC,ref,i,d}\) |
Number of heat source devices belonging to the heat source group i in operation on date \(d\) |
Number of devices |
2.7.9 |
\(q_{AC,ref,i,max,d}\) |
Maximum capacity of the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.12 |
\(xL_{AC,ref,i,d}\) |
Partial load factor of a heat source device in the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.7.12 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(T_{AC,ref,i,d}\) |
Operating hours of the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.7.18 |
The operating hours of the heat source group i on date \(d\) \(T_{AC,ref,i,d}\) is calculated by the following formula.
a) If there is no thermal storage tank and the operation mode is not "additional",
( \(ThrmlStrg_{AC,ref,ts,i} = \mbox{none} \land StorageType_{i} \neq \mbox{additional}\))
b) If there is a thermal storage tank
( \(ThrmlStrg_{AC,ref,ts,i} = \mbox{present}\) ),
c) If the operation mode is "additional"
( \(StorageType_{i} = \mbox{additional}\)),
The constant C in the above formula is calculated by the following formula.
If \(N_{AC,ref,i,d} = 1\),
If \(N_{AC,ref,i,d} \neq 1\),
2.7.16 Primary Energy Consumption of a Heat Source Device
Calculate the primary energy consumption of a single heat source device.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(RefType_{i,j}\) |
Heat source device model name of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
- |
Form 2-5: (6) Heat Source Device Model |
\(q_{AC,ref,i,j,rated}\) |
Rated capacity of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
kW |
Form 2-5: (10) Rated Cooling/Heating Capacity |
\(P_{AC,ref,sub,i,j,rated}\) |
Rated power consumption of an auxiliary module of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
kW |
Form 2-5: (12) Auxiliary Unit Rated Power Consumption |
\(P_{AC,ref,pump,i,j,rated}\) |
Rated power consumption of primary pump of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
kW |
Form 2-5: (13) Primary Pump Rated Power Consumption |
\(P_{AC,ref,ctfan,i,j}\) |
Power consumption of cooling tower fan of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
kW |
Form 2-5: (15) Cooling Tower Fan Rated Power Consumption |
\(P_{AC,ref,ctpump,i,j}\) |
Power consumption of a cooling water pump of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
kW |
Form 2-5: (16) Cooling Water Pump Rated Power Consumption |
\(P_{AC,ref,i,j,max,d}\) |
Maximum input of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) (converted primary energy) |
kW |
2.7.11 |
\(f_{AC,ref,t,i,j,d}\) |
Water supply temperature characteristic of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.7.14 |
\(f_{AC,ref,x,i,j,d}\) |
Partial load characteristic of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.7.13 |
\(L_{AC,ref,i,d}\) |
Load factor range for the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.7.7 |
\(xL_{AC,ref,i,d}\) |
Partial load factor of a heat source device in the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
- |
2.7.12 |
\(Season_{d}\) |
Cooling/heating season (cooling, intermediate, or heating seasons) on date \(d\) |
- |
2.2.2 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(E_{AC,ref,main,i,j,d}\) |
Energy consumption of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) (converted primary energy) |
kW |
2.7.17 |
\(E_{AC,ref,sub,i,j,d}\) |
Power consumption of an auxiliary module of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.17 |
\(E_{AC,ref,pump,i,j,d}\) |
Power consumption of the primary pump of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.17 |
\(E_{AC,ref,ctfan,i,j,d}\) |
Power consumption of a cooling tower fan of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.17 |
\(E_{AC,ref,ctpump,i,j,d}\) |
Power consumption of a cooling water pump of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.17 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit |
---|---|---|
\(P_{AC,ref,sub,nG,i,j,d}\) |
Auxiliary module power of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i (power consumption of a heat source with power generation function when not generating power) |
kWh/hour |
The energy consumption of the main module of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\), the energy consumption by the primary pump power, and the energy consumption of a cooling tower fan are calculated by the following formula.
The energy consumption of an auxiliary module of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\), is calculated differently depending on the presence or absence of power generation function. The Presence or Absence of a power generation function is preset for each heat source device model. When models with or without power generation function are mixed in the same heat source group, the correction is applied only to the auxiliary modules of the model with power generation function.
a) If \(RefType_{i,j}\) does not include "with device for self-supply of consumed power",
1) If \(0 < L_{AC,ref,i,d} \leqq 0.3\),
2) If \(0.3 < L_{AC,ref,i,d} \leqq 1.0\),
3) If \(1.0 < L_{AC,ref,i,d}\),
b) If \(RefType_{i,j}\) includes "with device for self-supply of consumed power",
1) If \(0 < L_{AC,ref,i,d} \leqq 0.3\),
2) If \(0.3 < L_{AC,ref,i,d} \leqq 1.0\),
3) If \(1.0 < L_{AC,ref,i,d}\),
The energy consumption of the cooling water pumps of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) is calculated differently depending on the presence or absence of cooling water variable flow rate control. The Presence or Absence of a cooling water variable flow rate control is preset for each heat source device model.
a) If \(RefType_{i,j}\) does not include "cooling water variable flow rate",
b) If \(RefType_{i,j}\) includes "cooling water variable flow rate",
1) If \(0 < L_{AC,ref,i,d} \leqq 0.5\),
2) If \(0.5 < L_{AC,ref,i,d} \leqq 1.0\),
3) If \(1.0 < L_{AC,ref,i,d}\),
2.7.17 Primary Energy Consumption and Power Consumption of a Heat Source Group
Calculate the primary energy consumption and the power consumption of a heat source group.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(N_{AC,ref,i,d}\) |
Number of heat source devices belonging to the heat source group i in operation on date \(d\) |
Number of devices |
2.7.9 |
\(E_{AC,ref,main,i,j,d}\) |
Energy consumption of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) (converted primary energy) |
kW |
2.7.16 |
\(E_{AC,ref,sub,i,j,d}\) |
Power consumption per hour due to an auxiliary module power of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.16 |
\(E_{AC,ref,pump,i,j,d}\) |
Power consumption per hour due to the primary pump power of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.16 |
\(E_{AC,ref,ctfan,i,j,d}\) |
Power consumption per hour due to the cooling tower power consumption of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.16 |
\(E_{AC,ref,ctpump,i,j,d}\) |
Power consumption per hour due to the cooling tower pump power of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.16 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(E_{AC,ref,main,i,d}\) |
Primary energy consumption of the main module of a heat source group on date \(d\) |
MJ/h |
2.7.18 |
\(E_{AC,ref,sub,i,d}\) |
Power consumption of an auxiliary module of the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.18 |
\(E_{AC,ref,pump,i,d}\) |
Power consumption of the primary pump of the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.18 |
\(E_{AC,ref,ctfan,i,d}\) |
Power consumption of the cooling tower fan of the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.18 |
\(E_{AC,ref,ctpump,i,d}\) |
Power consumption of the cooling water pump of the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.18 |
The primary energy consumption and power consumption of heat source group are calculated by the following formula. "3.6" in the formula is the coefficient for converting kW to MJ/h (3600/1000).
2.7.18 Annual Primary Energy Consumption of a Heat Source Group
Calculate the annual primary energy consumption of a heat source group.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(T_{AC,ref,i,d}\) |
Operating hours of a heat source group i on date \(d\) |
h/d |
2.7.15 |
\(E_{AC,ref,main,i,d}\) |
Primary energy consumption of the main module of the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
MJ/h |
2.7.17 |
\(E_{AC,ref,sub,i,d}\) |
Power consumption of an auxiliary module of the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.17 |
\(E_{AC,ref,pump,i,d}\) |
Power consumption of the primary pump of the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.17 |
\(E_{AC,ref,ctfan,i,d}\) |
Power consumption of the cooling tower fan of the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.17 |
\(E_{AC,ref,ctpump,i,d}\) |
Power consumption of the cooling water pump of the heat source group i on date \(d\) |
kW |
2.7.17 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(E_{AC,ref,i}\) |
Annual primary energy consumption of the heat source group |
MJ/year |
2.8 |
The annual primary energy consumption of a heat source group is calculated by the following formula.
2.8 Design Primary Energy Consumption
The design primary energy consumption of air conditioning equipment is calculated by the following formula. If evaluating an air handling unit group without a secondary pump, the calculation is performed assuming that a virtual secondary pump (no control over the number of devices, temperature difference 0, rated flow rate 0, rated power consumption 0, rated flow rate control method) is installed between the air handling unit group and the heat source group.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(E_{AC,ahu,i}\) |
Annual primary energy consumption of the air handling unit group |
MJ/year |
2.5.12 |
\(E_{AC,pump,i}\) |
Annual primary energy consumption of the secondary pump group |
MJ/year |
2.6.10 |
\(E_{AC,ref,i}\) |
Annual primary energy consumption of the heat source group |
MJ/year |
2.7.18 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(E_{AC}\) |
Annual primary energy consumption of air conditioning equipment |
MJ/year |
- |
Annex A (Air Conditioning)
A.1 Calculation Method for Thermal Transmittance of Exterior Walls, etc.
The method for calculating the thermal transmittance of exterior walls, etc. (exterior walls, roofs, and floors in contact with outside air) is specified as follows.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(MATERIAL_{k}\) |
Building material type of the k-th constituent material |
m |
Form 2-2: (4) Building Material Number, (5) Building Material Name |
\(l_{k}\) |
Thickness of the k-th constituent material |
m |
Form 2-2: (6) Thickness |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(U_{wall}\) |
Thermal transmittance of exterior walls, etc. |
W/(m2・K) |
2.4.2.2, 2.4.2.4, 2.4.2.6 |
First, the thermal conductivity \(λ_{k}\) W/(m2・K) of the building material type \(MATERIAL_{k}\) is retrieved from the building materials’ database.
-
Building Materials’ Database: HeatThermalConductivity.csv
The thermal transmittance of an exterior wall \(U_{wall}\) is obtained by the following formula.
For the thermal conductivity \(λ_{k}\) of each material, the specified value should be used. However, if the k-th constituent material is an "unsealed air layer", \(l_{k}/λ_{k}\) should be 0.09(m2・K)/W. The influence of thermal bridges in exterior walls, etc. is not considered.
A.2 Calculation Method for the Thermal Transmittance and Solar Heat Gain Coefficient of Windows
The method for calculating the thermal transmittance and solar heat gain coefficient of windows (glass + building fixture) is specified as follows.
Variable Name | Description | Unit | References |
---|---|---|---|
\(U_{wind,j,input}\) |
Thermal transmittance of window |
W/m2K |
Form 2-3: (2) Thermal Transmittance of Window |
\(\eta_{wind,j,input}\) |
Solar heat gain rate of window |
- |
Form 2-3: (3) Solar Heat Gain Coefficient of Window |
Building Fixture Type |
Form 2-3: (4) Type of Building Materials |
||
Glass type (ex:3WgG06) |
Form 2-3: (5) Type of Glass |
||
\(U_{glass,j,input}\) |
Thermal transmittance of glass |
W/m2K |
Form 2-3: (6) Thermal Transmittance of Glass |
\(\eta_{glass,j,input}\) |
Solar heat gain coefficient of glass |
- |
Form 2-3: (7) Solar Heat Gain Coefficient of Glass |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(U_{wind,j}\) |
Thermal transmittance of window, etc. j (without blinds) |
W/m2K |
2.4.2.3, 2.4.2.5 |
\(U_{wind,j,bl}\) |
Thermal transmittance of window, etc. j (with blinds) |
W/m2K |
2.4.2.3, 2.4.2.5 |
\(\eta_{wind,j}\) |
Solar heat gain rate of window, etc. j (without blinds) |
- |
2.4.2.7 |
\(\eta_{wind,j,bl}\) |
Solar heat gain rate of window, etc. j (with blinds) |
- |
2.4.2.7 |
There are the following three input methods for thermal transmittance and solar heat gain coefficient. If there are multiple entries on Form 2-3, Method 1 shall take precedence, followed by Method 2, and then Method 3.
-
Method 1: Directly input the thermal transmittance and the solar heat gain coefficient of windows, etc. (Form 2-3 (2), (3) ).
-
Method 2: Select the building fixture type and the glass type (Form 2-3 (4) , (5) ).
-
Method 3: Select the building fixture type and enter the thermal transmittance and solar heat gain coefficient of glass (Form 2-3 (4) , (6) , (7) ).
(Method 1) Directly input the thermal transmittance and the solar heat gain coefficient of windows, etc.
The thermal transmittance \(U_{wind,j}\) and the solar heat gain \(\eta_{wind,j}\) of the window without blinds are obtained by the following formula.
When blinds are present, the heat transfer coefficient and the solar heat gain coefficient are calculated individually based on the presence or absence of inputs of \(U_{glass,j,input}\) and \(\eta_{glass,j,input}\).
a) If there is no input for glass performance \(U_{glass,j,input}\), \(\eta_{glass,j,input}\),
b) If there are inputs for glass performance \(U_{glass,j,input}\), \(\eta_{glass,j,input}\),
(Method 2) Select the building fixture type and the glass type.
From the "Window Performance List Database", retrieve the relevant values according to the entered building fixture type and glass type. The values listed in this database were calculated by WindEye, the program that evaluates the thermal performance of openings.
(Reference) Window Performance List Database ( WindowHeatTransferPerformance_H30.csv ):
\(U_{wind,j}\)=1.95 |
\(U_{wind,j,bl}\)= 1.82 |
\(\eta_{wind,j}\)= 0.39 |
\(\eta_{wind,j,bl}\)= 0.30 |
(Method 3) Select the building fixture type and enter the thermal transmittance and solar heat gain coefficient of glass.
The coefficients \(k_{u,a}\), \(k_{u,b}\), and \(k_{\eta}\) are determined by the building fixture type as follows.
Building Fixture Type | \(k_{u,a}\) | \(k_{u,b}\) | \(k_{\eta}\) |
---|---|---|---|
Resin(triple glazing) |
0.659 |
0.91 |
0.72 |
Resin(double glazing) |
0.659 |
1.04 |
0.72 |
Resin(single glazing) |
0.659 |
0.82 |
0.72 |
Wood(triple glazing) |
0.659 |
0.91 |
0.72 |
Wood(double glazing) |
0.659 |
1.04 |
0.72 |
Wood(single glazing) |
0.659 |
0.82 |
0.72 |
Metal-Plastic composite(triple glazing) |
0.800 |
0.95 |
0.8 |
Metal-Plastic composite(double glazing) |
0.800 |
1.15 |
0.8 |
Metal-Plastic composite(single glazing) |
0.800 |
0.88 |
0.8 |
金属木複合製(triple glazing) |
0.800 |
0.95 |
0.8 |
金属木複合製(double glazing) |
0.800 |
1.15 |
0.8 |
Metal-Wood composite(single glazing) |
0.800 |
0.88 |
0.8 |
Metal(double glazing) |
0.812 |
1.51 |
0.8 |
Metal(single glazing) |
0.812 |
1.39 |
0.8 |
A.3 Coefficient for Room Load Calculation
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(ClimateZone\) |
Climate zone of the location of the building subject to evaluation |
- |
Form 0: (5) Regional Categories in Buildling Energy Codes |
\(RoomType_{i}\) |
Room use of room |
- |
Form 2-1: (1) Building Use and Room Use |
\(Season_{d}\) |
Cooling/heating season (cooling, intermediate, or heating seasons) on date \(d\) |
\(m^2\) |
2.2.2 |
\(O_{AC,room,i,d}\) |
Operating status of the air conditioner in room i on date \(d\) |
Boolean value |
2.3.3 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(a_{tc1,d}, a_{tc2,d}\) |
Coefficient for converting steady-state heat gain caused by temperature difference on date \(d\) to room load (cooling) |
- |
2.4.4 |
\(a_{th1,d}, a_{th2,d}\) |
Coefficient for converting steady-state heat gain caused by temperature difference on date \(d\) to room load (heating) |
- |
2.4.4 |
\(a_{sc1,d}, a_{sc2,d}\) |
Coefficient for converting steady-state heat gain due to solar radiation on date \(d\) to room load (cooling) |
- |
2.4.4 |
The coefficient for load calculation is specified in the following files for each region, room use, and air conditioner operation mode. Note that the coefficient differs depending on whether the previous day was an air-conditioned or non-air-conditioned day.
-
List of Coefficients for Load Calculation : QROOM_COEFFI.csv
A.4 Heat Source Characteristics
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(RefType_{i,j}\) |
Heat source device model of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
- |
Form 2-5: (6) Heat Source Device Model |
\(CtrlMode_{AC,ref,i}\) |
Operation mode of the heat source group |
Cooling/Heating heat source |
2.7 |
Variable Name | Description | Unit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
\(a_{ref,q,i,j},b_{ref,q,i,j},c_{ref,q,i,j},d_{ref,q,i,j},e_{ref,q,i,j}\) |
Coefficient of maximum capacity characteristic of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
- |
2.7.8 |
\(\theta_{ref,q,i,j,min},\theta_{ref,q,i,j,max}\) |
Minimum and maximum temperatures of maximum capacity characteristic of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
℃ |
2.7.8 |
\(a_{ref,p,i,j},b_{ref,p,i,j},c_{ref,p,i,j},d_{ref,p,i,j},e_{ref,p,i,j}\) |
Coefficient of maximum input characteristic of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
- |
2.7.11 |
\(\theta_{ref,p,i,j,min},\theta_{ref,p,i,j,max}\) |
Minimum and maximum temperatures of the maximum input characteristic of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
℃ |
2.7.11 |
\(a_{ref,x,i,j},b_{ref,x,i,j},c_{ref,x,i,j},d_{ref,x,i,j},e_{ref,x,i,j}\) |
Coefficient of partial load characteristic of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
- |
2.7.13 |
\(L_{ref,x,i,j,min},L_{ref,x,i,j,max}\) |
Minimum and maximum load factor of partial load characteristic of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
- |
2.7.13 |
\(a_{ref,t,i,j},b_{ref,t,i,j},c_{ref,t,i,j},d_{ref,t,i,j},e_{ref,t,i,j}\) |
Coefficient of water supply temperature characteristic of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
- |
2.7.14 |
\(\theta_{ref,t,i,j,min},\theta_{ref,t,i,j,max}\) |
Minimum and maximum load factors of water supply temperature characteristic of the heat source device j belonging to the heat source group |
- |
2.7.14 |
The coefficients relating to the energy consumption characteristics of a heat source device are specified in "REFCURVE_H28.csv".
The ID that identifies the coefficient is specified in "REFLIST_H28.csv" for each heat source device model.
-
Obtain a specific ID.
Obtain a specific ID from REFLIST_H28.csv using the heat source device model \(RefType_{i,j}\), the operation mode of the heat source group i \(CtrlMode_{AC,ref,i}\), and the type of characteristic (maximum capacity, maximum input, partial load, water temperature).
Example: If the heat source device model is "Water chilling unit (air-cooled)", the operation mode is "cooling source" and the characteristic type is "Maximum capacity", obtain the value (Cq_ AS_A) in the "Specific ID" column of the row whose "Device Model" column is "Water chilling unit (air-cooled)", whose "Cooling/Heating" column is "Cooling" and whose "Characteristic type" column is "Capacity ratio".
The correspondence between "Characteristic type" and "Characteristic type value" is as follows.
Maximum capacity →Capacity ratio
Maximum input →Input ratio
Partial load →Partial load characteristics
Water supply temperature →Water supply temperature characteristic
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Obtain the minimum and maximum values.
Obtain minimum and maximum values from REFLIST_H28.csv using the heat source device model \(RefType_{i,j}\), the operation mode of heat source group i \(CtrlMode_{AC,ref,i}\) , and the type of characteristic (maximum capacity, maximum input, partial load, water temperature).
Example: If the heat source device model is "Water chilling unit (air-cooled)" and the Characteristic type is "Maximum capacity", find the row whose "Device model" is "Water chilling unit (air-cooled)", whose "Cooling/Heating" column is "Cooling", and whose "Characteristic type" column is "Capacity ratio", and obtain the value in the "Lower limit" column (25) as the minimum value, and the value in the "Upper limit" column (40) as the maximum value.
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Obtain the characteristic coefficients (a, b, c, d, e).
Obtain the characteristic coefficients from REFCURVE_H28.csv using the characteristic ID.
Example: If the Specific ID is "Cq_AS_A", find the row whose "Name" column is "Cq_AS_A", and obtain the value in the column "x4" (0) for a, the value in the column "x3" (0) for b, the value in the column "x2" (0) for c, the value in the column "x1" (-0.0091) for d, the value in the column "a" (1.3185) for e.
If a specific ID is duplicated (e.g. capacity ratio of water chilling unit (air-cooled) during heating), this is a case where the characteristic coefficient varies depending on the input value range. Adopt a coefficient with a minimum and a maximum value that accommodates the input value. If the input value is less than the minimum value of all cases, adopt the coefficient with the smallest "minimum value"; if the input value is greater than the maximum value, adopt the coefficient with the largest "maximum value".
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List of heat source device models: REFLIST_H28.csv
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Table of heat source characteristic coefficients: REFCURVE_H28.csv