Manual of Method for Calculating Primary Energy Consumptions under 2016 Building Energy Code (Non-residential Buildings)

The lighting installations that should be evaluated are defined below.

On the other hand, the following lighting installations are not evaluated.

The input/output in the whole of this chapter is shown in the following table.

Room detection control refers to control under which a lighting fixture is turned on/off or dimmed based on a control signal etc. from a sensor etc. detecting the presence or absence of a person. A coefficient \(F_{LC1,r,i} \) , as shown in Table 8, is determined by a room detection control method to be adopted.

If no operation method is specified (the relevant column on the input sheet is blank), "Absent" shall be assumed to have been selected.

The basis and judgment standard for setting a coefficient determined by the room detection control method are as shown in Annex C 2.

Brightness detection control refers to control under which a lighting fixture is dimmed or turned on/off based on a comparison between an actual brightness level that includes daylight detected by a sensor etc., and a set brightness level brightness level. A coefficient \(F_{LC2,r,i}\), as shown in Table 11, is determined by a brightness detection control method to be adopted.

If no operation method is specified (the relevant column on the input sheet is blank), "Absent" shall be assumed to have been selected.

Where, an opening ratio is assumed to be a value obtained after the sum of window areas in a room are divided by a floor area of the whole room. In addition, an automatic control blind refers to a blind that automatically rotates the angles of slats or hoisting (lifting or lowering) the slats according to a solar position, an intensity of solar radiation or other element, and has the function of Grade B or higher in the Society of Heating, Air-conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan SHASE-M1008-2009 “Planning manual of automatic blind system for environment-conscious buildings” (the function of automatically rotating the slats in the blind or lifting or lowering them by an electric motor and the system in which the function of judging a sunny or cloudy weather through measurement of outdoor illuminance, solar irradiance and other parameter is adjusted under a central control system).

The basis and judgment standard for setting a coefficient determined by a brightness detection control method are as shown in Annex C 3.

Time schedule control refers to control under which a lighting fixture is turned on/off or dimmed according to a preset time. A coefficient \(F_{LC3,r,i}\) is, as shown in Table 14, is determined by a brightness detection control method to be adopted.

If no operation method is specified (the relevant column on the input sheet is blank), "Absent" shall be assumed to have been selected.

The basis and judgment standard for setting a coefficient determined by a time schedule control method are as shown in Annex C 4.

Initial illuminance correction control refers to the function of starting lighting with a luminous flux obtained after a rated flux is multiplied by a light loss factor. In order to implement the function, a timer built into a lighting fixture that memorizes a lighting time or a lighting control signal from a brightness sensor or other device shall be used. A coefficient, as shown in Table 17, is determined by the presence or absence of the function.

If no operation method is specified (the relevant column on the input sheet is blank), "Absent" shall be assumed to have been selected.

The basis and judgment standard for setting a coefficient determined by the presence or absence of the initial illuminance correction function are as shown in Annex C 5.

In order to correct a gap between a standard room index and a utilization factor in a planned room index, a correlation between room indices and utilization factors for several types of lighting fixtures was examined. The result is shown in Table 4.5.1. A ratio of utilization factors (ratio between utilization factors of room index 2.5 and the relevant room index) depends on lighting fixtures, but for brevity, a correction factor that is determined by a room index was assumed to be uniform in all types of lighting fixtures.

Room detection control by a human detecting sensor or other device is an automatic control system that detects a person’s movement by an in-room human detecting sensor or other detector and turns lights on or off when the person is present or absent in a room, or dims the lights by lighting control, and whose effect depends on room uses or the size of the sensor’s on/off circuit. Local on/off or lighting control by a manual switch should not be evaluated. In addition, room detection control by a card or room key should not be evaluated either because it is used for the purpose of entry and exit control and accordingly, does not contribute to the effect of reducing a power consumption within business hours.

The definition of each control method and the basis for setting coefficient values are shown below.
1) Turning-on/off This is a control method in which a lighting installation is fully turned on if it is judged that an office worker etc. is present in a slightly wide range (a square of about 6.4 m that is equivalent to a standard span in an office building) of major space including an office in a building, but turned off if it is judged that the worker is absent there. Based on the data etc. on room detection in a turning-on/off range of a square of about 6.4 m in the survey on the project to promote the development or revision of building standards, an about almost 5% reduction is expected in the case where standard sensing is set at an occupancy rate of 50%. Accordingly, an energy reduction coefficient was assumed to be 0.95.
2) Turning-on/off (collectively turned-off) This is a control method for reducing energy consumptions in which lighting installations are fully turned on in a toilet, a warehouse, a corridor and other room where an office worker etc. stays for a short time if a human detecting sensor or other device judges that the worker is present there, but otherwise, they are collectively turned off. Based on the data etc. on the reduction rates by On-Off control in corridors and staircases in the survey on the project to promote the development or revision of building standards, an about 30% reduction is expected. Accordingly, an energy reduction coefficient was assumed to be 0.70.
3) Dimming method This is a control method for reducing energy consumptions in which a lighting installation is fully turned on in a corridor of a building or other space for office workers’ travel and without visual works if a human detecting sensor or other device judges that the workers are present there, but otherwise, they are dimmed by lighting control. Based on the data etc. on reduction rates by On-Off control in corridors and staircases in the survey on the project to promote the development or revision of building standards by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), an about 20% reduction is expected also in the case of dimming. Accordingly, an energy reduction coefficient was assumed to be 0.80.

Which method the relevant control belongs to shall be based on the conditions of hardware etc. shown in Table 27.

*1: Marks described in the standard specification/drawing for electric insulation works (Electric power 63)
*2：JIL5004-2012

This is a lighting control system for reducing power consumptions in which dimming of a lighting installation is controlled automatically and finely in an area near to a side window with an incident daylight in a room with visual works and according to the brightness of the incident daylight. In order to detect the brightness of the daylight, a brightness detecting sensor is generally installed on the surface of a ceiling. The effect of controlling the brightness depends on a window orientation or position. In the case where an automatic control blind is installed, the blind makes the window’s luminance high, darkens the room relatively, and makes it possible to introduce a proper daylight without excessive illumination of the lighting installation. Accordingly, this increases the effect of interlocking control of the daylight. The use of daylight by a window installed at the upper part of a room, for instance, a roof light widow or high side light, is expected to be highly effective, but such a window requires a higher-level design than usual side windows, and the effect of energy reduction greatly depends on the conditions for installing the window. For these reasons, an energy reduction coefficient for the relevant window shall not be set in this manual.
The “On-Off method” is a control method in which space brightness such as daylight illuminance is detected by a sensor or other device, and a lighting installation is automatically turned off while a room maintains a certain level of brightness or higher and turned on when the room is darkened. This method helps to prevent forgetting turn on/off a lighting installation in areas without visual works, mainly such as a staircase, corridor and toilet.

The definition of each control method and the basis for setting coefficient values are shown below.
1) Lighting control method This is a lighting control system in which a lighting fixture near an one-way or continuous two-way window (unilateral daylighting) is dimmed in an office room of a building is dimmed according to an amount of incident daylight in the case where the window in the room is not automatically controlled by a blind. The control method was simulated, assuming the survey data in the project to promote the development or revision of building standards that are close to the above condition, an opening ratio of 10% or more, a perimeter ratio of 1/2 or more, and manual control of a blind. As a result, the rates of energy reduction produced by the one-way window and the continuous two-way window were about 10% or more. Consequently, an energy reduction coefficient was assumed to be 0.90.
2) Lighting control method (in combination with automatic control blind) This is a lighting control system in which a lighting fixture near an one-way or continuous two-way window (unilateral daylighting) is dimmed in an office room of a building is dimmed according to an amount of incident daylight in the case where the window in the room is automatically controlled by a blind. The control method was simulated, assuming the survey data in the project to promote the development or revision of building standards that are close to the above condition, an opening ratio of 10% or more, a perimeter ratio of 1/2 or more, and manual control of a blind. As a result, the rates of energy reduction produced by the one-way window and the continuous two-way window were about 15% or more. Consequently, an energy reduction coefficient was assumed to be 0.85.
3) On-Off method Given that this method has an energy reduction effect of 20% in the same way as the Evaluation Method for Calculating CEC/L under 2009 Building Energy Code, an energy reduction coefficient was assumed to be 0.80.

Which method the relevant control belongs to shall be based on the conditions of hardware etc. shown in Table 28.

*1: Marks described in the standard specification/drawing for electric insulation works (Electric power 63)
*2：JIL5004-2012
*3: Sum of opening areas (m2)/floor area (m2) of the room
*4: Blind that automatically controls the angles of slats according to a solar position, an intensity of solar radiation or other element

This is a lighting control system that turns on/off or dims a lighting installation at a preset time, and also automatically turns on/off or dims the installation according to the required illuminance levels of the installation before the commencement of each day’s work, during lunch time, during overtime work and at other occasions.

The definition of each control method and the basis for setting coefficient values are shown below.
1) Dimming method This is a lighting control system that dims a lighting installation by lighting control at a preset time in the case where the required levels of the installation in a building depends on the hours before a store opens, while it opens opened and after it closes. Based on an about 10% reduction of the data etc.on reduction rates by turning-off in the survey on the project to promote the development or revision of building standards, an about 5% reduction is expected in the case of dimming. Accordingly, an energy reduction coefficient was assumed to be 0.95.
2) Turning-off method This is a lighting control system that turns off a lighting installation at a preset time in the case where the required illuminance levels of the installation depend on the hours before the commencement of each day’s work, during lunch time and during overtime work. Based on the data etc.on reduction rates by turning-off in the survey on the project to promote the development or revision of building standards, an about 10% reduction is expected. Accordingly, an energy reduction coefficient was assumed to be 0.90.

Which method the relevant control belongs to shall be based on the conditions of hardware etc. shown in Table 29.

*1: Marks described in the standard specification/drawing for electric insulation works (Electric power 63)
*2：JIL5004-2012

This is a lighting control system that expects a light source’s luminous flux to be reduced by controlling a lighting fixture’s illumination hours with a brightness sensor/timer and inhibits excessive illuminance (corrects initial illuminance) immediately after a building’s completion, after replacement of its lamp or during the initial time after cleaning of the fixture in order to reduce power consumptions. Initial illuminance correction control is expressed as “proper illuminance control” in CEC/L under the 2009 Building Energy Code. When lighting installations were added to the scope of the Energy Conservation Act in 1993, the term of “initial illuminance correction control” was suggested, but it was judged that its formula would not adapt to legal terms, and as a result, the term of “proper illuminance control” was adopted. However, this Code employed the original term of “initial illuminance correction control” that indicates the content of the control more appropriately, in order to clarify a difference between the relevant term and the category (f) Illuminance lighting control by brightness sensor etc.
Based on the current curve for correction of initial illuminance that considers the lowering of an amount of its luminous flux due to aging of the fixture, an energy reduction coefficient for initial illuminance correction control was assumed to be 0.85, the same as the 2009 Code CEC/L. In order to determine an energy reduction coefficient for LED lighting fixtures, a maintenance rate for a lighting fixture designed based on the technical specifications of the Japan Luminaires Association (JLA), or 0.885 was conservatively rounded off to 0.90. On the assumption of the maintenance rate of 0.90, the relevant coefficient was calculated to be 0.95.
There are two methods for initial illuminance correction control that shall be evaluated; one (method using a brightness sensor) in which a brightness detection sensor is placed on the surface of a ceiling to detect a level of brightness on a working plane, thereby adjusting initial illuminance, and another in which the lighting fixture is preliminarily made to memorize data on a prediction curve for brightness decay, thereby changing its brightness by its timer according to lighting hours. The same energy reduction coefficient shall be applied to both of the two methods. Which method the relevant control belongs to shall be based on the conditions of hardware etc. shown in Table 30.

*1: Marks described in the standard specification/drawing for electric insulation works (Electric power 63)
*2：JIL5004-2012